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This research paper argues that trade policies are essential for scaling the clean energy transition by expanding access to renewable technologies and energy-efficient goods. It highlights the role of reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers, the importance of a global value chain approach for complex products like wind turbines and solar panels, and the necessity of liberalizing environmental services to support renewable energy deployment.

This research paper explores options for a voluntary standstill commitment on inefficient fossil fuel subsidies for APEC member economies, as tasked by the APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade. It outlines three potential implementation models—inventory-based, value-based, and hybrid—to prevent the increase of market-distorting subsidies that have negative environmental impacts.