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The briefing argues that while external debt restructuring has established frameworks, domestic debt restructuring lacks guiding principles, often leaving the process to be dominated by the strongest political voices, typically foreign creditors. It proposes that DDR be integrated into domestic adjustment programs with full consultation and ownership, and that its implementation be based on rigorous cost-benefit analyses anchored in Debt Sustainability Analyses. The author emphasizes that the primary goal of any DDR should be the protection of long-term economic growth and poverty reduction gains, ensuring that the burden of adjustment is shared fairly between domestic and foreign creditors to avoid macroeconomic or social 'doom-loops'.

The author assesses the outcomes of the Paris summit for a new global financial pact, noting the emergence of a unified African voice demanding debt restructuring, increased climate finance, and equal representation in global institutions. While acknowledging progress such as Zambia's debt restructuring and the World Bank's debt pause for disaster-hit countries, the author emphasizes the need for a 'Marrakesh Declaration' to solidify Africa's position ahead of future summits in Nairobi, Marrakesh, and Dubai.

A collaborative study by international scientists found that the extreme heatwave in the Western Mediterranean from 26-28 April 2023 was likely made at least 100 times more probable by human-induced climate change. The event, which saw temperatures up to 20 degrees higher than normal and broke national records in Spain and Portugal, would have been at least 2°C cooler in a world 1.2°C colder. The researchers note that climate models likely underestimate the increase in extreme heat in Western Europe, suggesting their findings are conservative.

The document critiques the reliance on 'net zero' frameworks, carbon offsets, and technological fixes, asserting that these mechanisms allow polluters to continue emissions while risking land grabbing and violating indigenous rights. It specifically analyzes the implications of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and the promotion of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and geoengineering, calling instead for a systemic shift toward energy sovereignty and the phased elimination of fossil fuels.

The report examines the 'Black Friday' tragedy at the Melilla border, where at least 23 migrants died during an attempted crossing from Morocco to Spain. It contrasts official government claims that the event was caused by criminal trafficking networks with testimonies from survivors and human rights organisations, who describe illegal push-backs and coordinated violence by Spanish and Moroccan security forces. The text further analyzes the geopolitical relationship between Spain and Morocco, highlighting how financial aid and diplomatic agreements regarding Western Sahara are used to secure Morocco's role as a 'border guardian' for Europe, which the author contends leads to systemic human rights violations.

The guide defines fundamental concepts of international climate diplomacy, including the roles of the COP and CMA, the function of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and the development of the 'Paris rulebook' (Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines). It also outlines financial mechanisms like the Green Climate Fund and the $100 billion goal, as well as processes for increasing climate ambition such as the Global Stocktake and the Talanoa Dialogue.

The statement warns that non-transparent land-use accounting in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) can allow countries to meet targets while carbon pollution increases. It highlights specific examples in Russia and New Zealand and advocates for separating land-use credits from other sectors to ensure the 1.5°C target is met through essential decarbonisation.

The Center for International Environmental Law states that COP22 showed a continued commitment to the Paris Agreement, but overall progress was slow and current commitments are too low to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees. The document highlights the leadership of the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) in committing to 100% renewable energy by 2030 or 2050, while calling for historic polluters to provide necessary funding and for governments to strengthen public accountability and human rights obligations in climate action.

A coalition of global climate justice movements, gathered at COP22, issued a statement asserting that the election of Donald Trump must not derail global climate action. The signatories argue that Trump represents a broken economic system driven by corporate interests and fossil fuel lobbyists. They call for the end of all fossil fuel extraction, a transition to 100% renewable energy, and the fulfillment of climate finance and technology transfer commitments by rich nations. The document urges U.S. subnational governments to resist the federal administration's agenda and calls for a broad-based progressive movement to address intersecting injustices, including racism and sexism, alongside the climate crisis.

The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016, with 100 countries representing 67% of global greenhouse gas emissions having ratified it. COP22 and the first meeting of the CMA are tasked with developing operational rules for transparency, progress monitoring, and ramping up ambition to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius. Key points of contention include the verification of national commitments and the insufficiency of pledges to meet the $100 billion climate finance goal for developing countries by 2020. South Africa has ratified the agreement and set an emissions reduction target of 398–614 MtCO2e for 2025–2030, though this is largely conditional on external assistance and complicated by a continued reliance on coal and budgetary restraints.

The document explains that the Paris Agreement requires a detailed "rule book" to provide operational guidance on transparency, accountability, and the review of collective efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 - 2 degrees C. It identifies key challenges in designing these rules, including the need for "build-in flexibility" for countries with differing capabilities and the risk of double-counting emissions reductions. The briefing expects COP22 in Marrakech to establish a roadmap for finalizing these rules by 2018, operationalize capacity-building initiatives, and set the stage for more ambitious nationally determined contributions (NDCs) by 2020.

We Mean Business calls for the fulfillment of the $100 billion annual climate finance pledge by developed countries and the implementation of the 'Road Map to $100 billion'. The organization emphasizes that while public finance is crucial for trust and predictability, the transition to a low-carbon economy requires trillions in investment, necessitating a shift in the financial system to leverage private capital through green bonds, Green Investment Banks, and enhanced corporate reporting.

Carbon Market Watch provides a set of recommendations for the rules of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to be discussed at COP22. The organization argues that carbon markets must increase global ambition by delivering actual emission reductions beyond NDC levels, ensure environmental integrity through a robust accounting framework to prevent double counting, and protect human rights and sustainable development through monitoring, stakeholder consultation, and grievance processes.

The document provides a glossary of terms for COP22, covering basic UNFCCC structures, the mechanisms of the Paris Agreement, and specific financial and operational goals like the $100 billion climate finance target.

The paper examines the alignment between the African Group of Negotiators' (AGN) vision for a Global Goal for Adaptation (GGA) and the provisions of the Paris Agreement. It argues that while the Agreement establishes a GGA and recognizes the link between mitigation and adaptation, significant technical and political work is required to operationalise it. Key recommendations include establishing minimum information requirements for adaptation components of Nationally Determined Contributions (a-NDCs) to enable the aggregation of data for the global stocktake, and developing sector-specific risk metrics to track progress. The authors emphasize the need for 'material parity' between mitigation and adaptation, ensuring that adaptation support is adequate, transparent, and based on scientific temperature scenarios.

The Secretary-General emphasizes the overwhelming global support for the Paris Agreement and calls for a radical transformation of the global economy. He highlights the pivotal roles of the United States and China, the importance of multi-stakeholder partnerships across six high-value areas, and the need to accelerate the scale of climate response to mitigate rising temperatures and extreme weather.

The COP22 conference in Marrakech focused on establishing the 'rulebook' for the Paris Agreement, with parties agreeing to a 2018 deadline for its operationalization. Key outcomes included the approval of a work programme for transparency and adaptation, the announcement of US$81 million for the Adaptation Fund, and the launch of the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action to catalyze pre-2020 efforts. Despite political uncertainty regarding the United States, the document notes a strong commitment from emerging economies and the private sector to pursue a low-carbon transition.

The document introduces 'communication rights' as a broad conceptual umbrella that extends beyond freedom of expression to include democratic media governance, linguistic rights, and access to knowledge. It presents the Communication Rights Assessment Framework (CRAFT), which organises these rights into four pillars: Communicating in the Public Sphere, Communicating Knowledge for Creativity and Equity, Civil Rights in Communication, and Cultural Rights in Communication. The handbook details how to apply this framework through research, stakeholder verification, and follow-up advocacy, drawing on pilot projects conducted in Brazil, Colombia, Kenya, the Philippines, and the European Union.