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The document examines Africa's natural gas landscape, noting that while the continent holds approximately 10% of global proven gas reserves, a lack of domestic infrastructure means most production is destined for export. It highlights a potential global LNG supply glut starting in mid-2025 and 2026, which may lower prices and profits for exporters. Key reserves are concentrated in Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt, and Libya, while new discoveries are emerging in countries like Mozambique and Senegal. Specific large-scale projects are detailed for Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mozambique, and Tanzania.

The report projects that Africa's carbon emissions from fossil fuels will increase on its current development trajectory, eventually surpassing those of the EU, USA, India, and China by 2061 to become the world's major source of such emissions.

The document argues that mancozeb and its metabolite ethylene thiourea (ETU) pose unacceptable risks to human health and the environment, citing a 2021 European Union ban and deficiencies in Canada's regulatory oversight. The requesters claim the PMRA has failed to implement its own 2020 risk mitigation measures, ignored critical biomonitoring data showing widespread ETU exposure in Canadians, and relied on outdated US water monitoring data to underestimate cancer risks. They specifically highlight risks of endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, and harm to non-target arthropods, birds, and aquatic organisms, demanding a special review and the suspension of product renewals.

ClientEarth argues that France's current position in CSDDD trilogue negotiations risks reducing the directive's scope and effectiveness, contradicting France's own international commitments and its 2017 domestic duty of vigilance law. The organization demands that France support three core requirements: mandatory due diligence on climate and other environmental impacts, the implementation of clear climate transition plans including scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions targets, and the full inclusion of the financial sector.

The report argues that pandemic prevention must shift from a human-centric biosecurity model to a holistic 'One Health' approach that integrates ecological security. It identifies critical gaps, such as funding silos between human and animal health research and a lack of sociological context in interventions. The document details U.S. agency efforts—including those by the USGS, FWS, and USAID—and proposes a project lifecycle for spillover prevention that emphasizes multidisciplinary teams, community engagement, and standardized data practices. It specifically highlights how deforestation, illicit wildlife trade, and industrial animal husbandry increase spillover risks, and recommends treating conservation as a national security imperative.

The document outlines a proposal by the Swedish Development Research Network (SweDev) to the Swedish government, warning that recent funding cuts to Sida and university-based development research threaten Sweden's capacity to address global challenges like climate change and poverty. The authors call for a new national strategy and the creation of an excellence center for research on equitable global development.

Mozambique is highly vulnerable to climate change, with projected increases in the frequency and intensity of cyclones, floods, and droughts. The report identifies agriculture, transport, and hydropower as the most critical economic sectors at risk. Agriculture faces significant threats to food security, particularly regarding maize yields, while transport infrastructure is hampered by a high proportion of unpaved roads. The energy sector is heavily dependent on hydropower from the Zambezi River Basin, which is projected to see declining runoff. Macroeconomically, Mozambique is exposed to risks from the global transition to a low-carbon economy due to its reliance on carbon-intensive exports like aluminium and coal. While the government has implemented policies such as Local Adaptation Plans and the National Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy, it faces significant constraints in technical capacity and climate finance. The report recommends a transformative approach through Adaptation and Resilience Investment Platforms (ARIPs) to mobilize funding for infrastructure resilience and agricultural diversification.

The report evaluates the technical and economic viability of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), contrasting them with large-scale nuclear power plants (NPPs) and variable renewable energy (VRE). It specifically analyzes the Romanian nuclear landscape, including the planned NuScale SMR in Doicești and the expansion of the Cernavodă plant. The authors argue that SMRs' modularity and standardization can mitigate the cost overruns typical of large NPPs. They recommend EU-level harmonization of licensing, the creation of a Joint Platform for SMR Procurements to achieve economies of scale, and improved public transparency in Romania.

The report provides a toolkit for investors to assess the climate credentials of Brazilian agri-food companies using the 'Five Principles for Transition' and 'Five Hallmarks for a Credible Transitioning Company'. It highlights the critical role of the agricultural sector in Brazil's emissions profile, where land-use change and agriculture account for nearly 75% of gross emissions. Through case studies of Syngenta and Amaggi, the document illustrates the application of these screening tools, noting that while major companies are developing transition plans, gaps remain in financial strategies and the alignment of actual emissions trends with 1.5°C goals. Additionally, it outlines the landscape of sustainable finance instruments in Brazil, such as LCAs and CRAs, and discusses regulatory pressures like the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR).

The guide outlines a five-step process for corporates to issue transition-linked bonds: building a credible transition plan, selecting a thematic label, creating a sustainable financing framework, executing the bond issuance, and conducting post-issuance reporting. It emphasizes the necessity of science-based, 1.5°C-aligned decarbonisation pathways and the integration of social safeguards to ensure a just transition. The document details the differences between Use of Proceeds (UoP) bonds and Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLBs), providing criteria for selecting material Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Sustainability Performance Targets (SPTs). It also highlights market trends, such as the 'greenium' (cheaper pricing for labelled debt), and warns against greenwashing risks associated with non-transparent frameworks or carbon lock-in activities.

The report argues that fugitive methane emissions significantly increase the lifecycle emissions of fossil gas, making it comparable to coal and oil in climate impact. It examines global sustainable finance taxonomies, noting that while most exclude hydrocarbons, some include fossil gas under strict conditions. Specifically, it analyzes the EU Taxonomy, concluding that its rigorous carbon intensity thresholds and lifecycle emission requirements make new gas-powered plants economically unviable compared to renewable energy alternatives.

The report provides a toolkit for assessing corporate transition plans in Brazil's agri-food sector, using case studies of Syngenta and Amaggi to illustrate the application of the 'Triple A' (Ambition, Action, Accountability) framework. It highlights Brazil's significant role as a GHG emitter, primarily through land use and livestock, and outlines various sustainable finance instruments available to fund the transition to net-zero.

The EU chemicals sector faces a critical investment window until 2030, requiring over EUR1tn by 2050 to achieve net zero. The document argues that decarbonisation must address scope 3 emissions—which account for 60% to 80% of total emissions—through demand reduction, circularity, and alternative feedstocks. Key policy recommendations include expanding the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to include polymers and organic chemicals, implementing Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs) for low-carbon hydrogen, and strengthening the EU Taxonomy to better incentivise low-carbon basic chemicals production.

ClientEarth analyzes the proposed EU Soil Monitoring Law (SML), arguing that while it fills a critical gap in environmental law, it requires stronger legally-binding targets, mandatory district management plans, and enhanced enforcement mechanisms to effectively achieve the goal of healthy soils by 2050.

The document advocates for adding access to justice clauses to the Euro 7 Regulation to prevent 'forum shopping' by manufacturers and to codify existing case law regarding the public's right to challenge emission type-approval decisions.

The document defends the European Commission's proposed Soil Monitoring Law (SML), asserting that EU-level action is necessary because approximately 60-70% of EU soils are unhealthy and national frameworks are insufficient. It argues that the proposal respects the principle of subsidiarity as the objectives cannot be achieved by Member States alone, and the principle of proportionality by using a Directive format that allows for national flexibility.

The report finds that while the EU and UK have made progress in aligning TACs with scientific advice since 2015, they missed the 2020 legal deadline to end overfishing. Analysis of 2023 TACs shows that 25% still exceed scientific advice. The report highlights a systemic lack of ambition for data-limited stocks (precautionary advice) and bycatch stocks compared to target stocks. It also criticises the lack of transparency in the TAC-setting process and the poor implementation of the landing obligation, which risks further overfishing. Key recommendations include setting TACs below scientific advice to account for ecosystem needs and climate change, and improving public access to the decision-making process.

The study examines the interrelationship between climate change mitigation (CCM) and adaptation (CCA), arguing that integrating these actions can increase cost-effectiveness and leverage climate finance. It finds that while most analyzed countries (Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa) and Germany acknowledge co-benefits, they lack explicit, integrated implementation plans and face a significant funding imbalance, with mitigation receiving substantially more finance than adaptation. The report recommends a 'whole-of-government' approach, including green budgeting and standardized taxonomies, to better identify and fund synergistic projects.

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of India's path to net-zero, emphasizing the need for a 'people-positive' transition. It examines the historical context of household energy shifts, the potential of emerging technologies like green hydrogen and CCUS, and the critical role of the Reserve Bank of India in mobilizing climate finance. The document highlights regional disparities in renewable energy capacity, particularly in Eastern India, and argues for a strategic green industrial policy to reduce import dependence and create jobs. It also proposes a Global Climate Alliance to facilitate financial and technology transfers between the Global North and South, while calling for reforms in Multilateral Development Banks to better support low-income countries.

The report identifies 30 companies, termed the "emissions aristocracy," that were responsible for over 50% of total EU ETS emissions in 2022. While the power sector has seen significant emission reductions since 2013 due to the absence of free allowances, heavy industries like steel, cement, and petrochemicals have experienced stagnant progress. The author argues that free allowances create windfall profits and remove the financial incentive to innovate, calling for a transition to full auctioning by 2030 to ensure the polluter pays principle is upheld.