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The report finds that Berau Regency can meet its palm oil production goals and fill its mill capacities by increasing productivity on existing land rather than expanding into forests. While company plantations operate efficiently, smallholders face significant barriers, including lack of land certificates (only 28% have them), limited access to finance, and poor integration into the supply chain, often forcing them to sell to distant mills or intermediaries. Additionally, Berau lacks CPO refineries, meaning most crude palm oil is exported to other provinces or Malaysia, limiting local value addition.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the Indonesian Village Fund, a fiscal instrument established in 2015 to promote rural economic development and reduce welfare gaps. While the fund has grown significantly in size and provides over 50% of village revenue, the study finds that spending is overwhelmingly directed toward transportation infrastructure rather than sustainable land use or environmental protection. The report identifies critical gaps in technical capacity, regulatory guidance, and coordination between village and district planning, offering five strategic recommendations to align the fund with sustainability goals.

A fact sheet detailing a USD 95 million sustainability bond issued by TLFF I Pte Ltd to finance a sustainable rubber plantation and land restoration project in Indonesia.

This briefing by Friends of the Earth International examines the financial and regulatory impacts of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms on countries negotiating the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). It argues that ISDS allows foreign corporations to sue governments over public interest regulations, creating significant financial burdens and a 'regulatory chill' that undermines democracy and the right to regulate.

This document consists of the annexes to a July 2014 report by the Indonesian Ministry of Finance and the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI). It provides detailed data on the use of public climate finance in Indonesia for 2011, including budget expenditure tables, definitions of climate finance by sector, a comparison of budget line markings, a list of relevant laws and regulations, and a review of climate-related activities by state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the use of Natural Capital Assessment (NCA) to optimize land resource allocation in Indonesia. It argues that integrating social, biophysical, and economic data into spatial planning can help Indonesia achieve economic growth targets while minimizing deforestation and social conflict.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative explores the use of Natural Capital Assessment (NCA) to optimize land resource allocation in Indonesia. It argues that by integrating social, biophysical, and economic data into spatial planning, Indonesia can meet economic growth targets while reducing deforestation and community conflict.

Losing Ground is a 2008 report by Friends of the Earth, LifeMosaic, and Sawit Watch detailing the human rights violations associated with the expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. The report argues that the industry's growth, driven in part by European biofuel targets, leads to widespread land dispossession, environmental degradation, and the erosion of indigenous cultures.

This research paper examines the early implementation of decentralization laws in Indonesia, specifically Law No. 22/1999 and Law 25/1999, and their impact on the forestry sector. It analyzes how the shift of power from the central government to districts has led to the emergence of 'district timber regimes' focused on revenue generation, often at the expense of forest conservation and sustainable management.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the palm oil supply chain in the Berau district of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. It examines the potential for increasing production through yield improvement rather than land expansion to support regional sustainability goals. The study identifies significant inefficiencies facing smallholders, including lack of land tenure and financing, while noting that large plantation companies operate more efficiently. It also highlights the absence of local refineries, which results in most crude palm oil (CPO) being exported from the region raw.

This research paper by Nancy Peluso explores the complex relationship between the decentralization of resource management and violence in Indonesia. Using the forest and land sectors as primary examples, Peluso argues that decentralization often shifts the locus of power to local elites who may use violence to secure resource control, while the legacy of the repressive Suharto regime has normalized violent conflict and weakened the state's capacity to enforce law and order.