Membina Ketahanan Ekonomi di Berau Melalui Diversifikasi Tanaman untuk Petani Kecil Swadaya

The report argues that diversifying oil palm plantations with crops like maize and cocoa can significantly increase smallholder incomes in Berau, East Kalimantan, compared to monocropping. It identifies that oil palm alone often fails to meet minimum living costs and exposes farmers to price volatility. The study recommends a strategy of diversification starting when oil palm reaches peak productivity (around year 10) to ensure positive cash flow and bankability. Key financial instruments proposed to support this transition include Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR), credit guarantee schemes, and maize crop insurance. The report emphasizes that diversification must occur on existing allocated land to avoid deforestation.

• Oil palm is a popular livelihood for independent smallholders in Berau, but it often fails to provide sufficient income to cover minimum living costs. Net profits from a two-hectare oil palm plot are estimated to be 439% lower than the regional minimum wage and the district's per capita GDP over a 25-year period.
• Crop diversification can substantially increase farmer income compared to monocropping. Diversifying oil palm with maize can potentially increase income by up to 825%, while diversification with cocoa can increase it by up to 495%.
• Maize is the most recommended crop for diversification in Berau due to its high income potential, existing infrastructure, and farmer knowledge. Cocoa is the second-best option, aligning with the central government's designation of Berau as a cocoa production center.
• Pepper is considered the least attractive diversification option because of its high price volatility. A 10% drop in pepper prices can lead to a 74% loss in cash flow, which is significantly higher than the impact of price drops on oil palm (13%).
• The optimal time for farmers to begin diversification is when oil palm trees reach peak productivity (approximately year 10). Starting at this stage ensures a positive cash flow, making farmers more 'bankable' and capable of securing and repaying loans.
• Financial instruments are critical to overcoming barriers to diversification. These include Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) for low-interest loans, Credit Guarantee Schemes (CGS) to reduce lender risk, and Asuransi Usaha Tani Jagung (AUTJ) to protect against climate-related productivity losses.
• The Surat Tanda Daftar Budidaya (STDB) is a vital administrative document for smallholders. It improves access to financial institutions and sustainable markets while helping to prevent deforestation by discouraging illegal land occupation in state forests.
• Diversification is preferred over expansion or intensification. Expansion is rejected because it drives deforestation, and intensification (replanting) requires high capital and technical knowledge that independent smallholders often lack.

APA

Mecca, B., Mafira, T., Larasati, L., & Inantha, M. W. (2021). Membina Ketahanan Ekonomi di Berau Melalui Diversifikasi Tanaman untuk Petani Kecil Swadaya. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Membina-Ketahanan-Ekonomi-di-Berau.pdf

Chicago

Mecca, Brurce, Tiza Mafira, Luthfyana Larasati, and M. Windrawan Inantha. Membina Ketahanan Ekonomi di Berau Melalui Diversifikasi Tanaman untuk Petani Kecil Swadaya. Climate Policy Initiative, 2021. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Membina-Ketahanan-Ekonomi-di-Berau.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Mecca |first1=Brurce |last2=Mafira |first2=Tiza |last3=Larasati |first3=Luthfyana |last4=Inantha |first4=M. Windrawan |title=Membina Ketahanan Ekonomi di Berau Melalui Diversifikasi Tanaman untuk Petani Kecil Swadaya |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=2021 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Membina-Ketahanan-Ekonomi-di-Berau.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{mecca2021membina, author = {Mecca, Brurce and Mafira, Tiza and Larasati, Luthfyana and Inantha, M. Windrawan}, title = {{Membina Ketahanan Ekonomi di Berau Melalui Diversifikasi Tanaman untuk Petani Kecil Swadaya}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2021}, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Membina-Ketahanan-Ekonomi-di-Berau.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }