Indeks Desa Membangun Plus (IDM+): Meningkatkan Insentif Langsung untuk Pemanfaatan Lahan yang Berkelanjutan

The report argues that existing village development indices in Indonesia fail to adequately measure or reward environmental performance. To address this, the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) proposes the Indeks Desa Membangun Plus (IDM+), which adds 10 ecological indicators to the existing Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM). The report suggests using IDM+ as a basis for Ecological Fiscal Transfers (EFT), specifically through a mixed fiscal instrument approach in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. This approach combines performance-based incentives via the Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) with affirmative action funding for low-performing villages, potentially utilizing untapped reforestation funds (DBH DR).

• Existing village evaluation tools, specifically the Indeks Pembangunan Desa (IPD) and Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM), are insufficient for mainstreaming environmental sustainability targets at the village level. The IPD focuses on socio-economic aspects and disaster resilience, while the IDM's ecological resilience index is limited to general environmental quality and disaster risk management.
• Despite a national framework for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) via Presidential Regulation No. 59 of 2017, there are no active SDG evaluation indicators used by local governments to assess village performance or determine fiscal transfers.
• The proposed IDM+ index enhances the existing IDM by adding 10 universal ecological indicators divided into two categories: land use and natural resource management (village spatial planning and land use innovation), and climate change actions (environmental protection infrastructure, waste management, renewable energy, community-based environmental protection, climate adaptation, community-based climate adaptation, dual benefits of mitigation and adaptation, and community-based dual benefits).
• A case study of 100 villages in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, using IDM+ and four additional local sub-indicators (farming diversification, agricultural commodity diversification, agricultural product processing, and social forestry), revealed that most villages have 'very low' (48/100) or 'low' (35/100) environmental performance.
• For Berau Regency, the report recommends a 'mixed fiscal instrument' approach. This involves using the Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) as a performance incentive for high-achieving villages and using other financial assistance as affirmative action for low-performing villages to improve their governance capacity.
• Berau Regency possesses a significant amount of untapped Reforestation Fund Sharing (DBH DR) totaling Rp 358 billion, which could be mobilized to fund ecological incentives for villages and avoid potential central government budget cuts for inefficient spending.
• Simulations of changing the ADD formula to include a performance component (ADD-K) showed that high-performing villages could receive an average increase of Rp 200 million (approximately 12-18% of their original allocation), but this would result in budget losses for low-performing villages in a zero-sum scenario.
• The report suggests that fiscal reforms incorporating environmental preservation are more likely to succeed at lower administrative levels (districts/villages) than at the central level due to local political priorities and the ability to achieve concrete results.

APA

Mecca, B., Mafira, T., Muluk, S., & Larasati, L. (2021). Indeks Desa Membangun Plus (IDM+): Meningkatkan Insentif Langsung untuk Pemanfaatan Lahan yang Berkelanjutan. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Indeks-Desa-Membangun-Plus-IDM_Meningkatkan-Insentif-Langsung-untuk-Pemanfaat.pdf

Chicago

Mecca, Brurce, Tiza Mafira, Saeful Muluk, and Luthfyana Larasati. Indeks Desa Membangun Plus (IDM+): Meningkatkan Insentif Langsung untuk Pemanfaatan Lahan yang Berkelanjutan. Climate Policy Initiative, 2021. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Indeks-Desa-Membangun-Plus-IDM_Meningkatkan-Insentif-Langsung-untuk-Pemanfaat.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Mecca |first1=Brurce |last2=Mafira |first2=Tiza |last3=Muluk |first3=Saeful |last4=Larasati |first4=Luthfyana |title=Indeks Desa Membangun Plus (IDM+): Meningkatkan Insentif Langsung untuk Pemanfaatan Lahan yang Berkelanjutan |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=January 2021 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Indeks-Desa-Membangun-Plus-IDM_Meningkatkan-Insentif-Langsung-untuk-Pemanfaat.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{mecca2021indeks, author = {Mecca, Brurce and Mafira, Tiza and Muluk, Saeful and Larasati, Luthfyana}, title = {{Indeks Desa Membangun Plus (IDM+): Meningkatkan Insentif Langsung untuk Pemanfaatan Lahan yang Berkelanjutan}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2021}, month = jan, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Indeks-Desa-Membangun-Plus-IDM_Meningkatkan-Insentif-Langsung-untuk-Pemanfaat.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }