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The report analyzes the Paris 2024 climate strategy, noting that while efforts in construction and food procurement are robust, there is significant opacity regarding carbon credit purchases, energy sourcing, and the overall carbon budget. It criticizes the evolution of public communication from 'carbon neutrality' to 'climate positive' as misleading and highlights the incompatibility of many official sponsors with the Paris Agreement. The document argues that incremental improvements are insufficient and proposes a radical redesign of the Olympic model, such as distributing events globally to reduce international air travel and infrastructure needs.

The study identifies reliability, punctuality, and physical accessibility as the primary drivers of transport modal choice among Swedish residents, noting that transport cost is not necessarily a key factor. While most respondents share similar expectations regardless of sociodemographic group, some regional differences exist in how transport infrastructure is experienced.

The document highlights that conventional financial analysis fails to capture the environmental and social impacts of transport projects, which contribute over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions. It advocates for a holistic approach that accounts for externalities—such as public health benefits from improved air quality or costs from vehicle emissions—to better determine a project's overall value. The briefing also references several Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) case studies involving electric vehicles in India, non-motorized transport in Coimbatore, wind portfolios in Germany, and bus electrification in Mongolia.

The report evaluates the Bogota MRT system using the SAVi methodology, which integrates externalities like health, carbon emissions, and retail growth into a cost-benefit analysis. The analysis considers two demand scenarios (8% and 16% modal shift from private transport) over a 35-year period (2022–2058). While conventional benefit-cost ratios (BCR) are low (0.4 to 0.6), the sustainable BCR (S-BCR) ranges from 1.5 to 2.9, indicating the project is highly profitable from a societal perspective. Key benefits include significant retail revenue increases, health improvements from walking and reduced pollution, and a reduction in CO2 emissions by up to 10.79 million tonnes in the high-demand scenario.

The report outlines a methodological framework for evaluating infrastructure in the Shymkent–Tashkent–Khujand economic corridor, comparing 'business-as-usual' scenarios with sustainable alternatives for transport and buildings. It proposes shifting from road-based freight to electrified rail and adopting green building standards to reduce CO2 emissions, lower operational costs, and improve health and employment outcomes. The assessment utilizes the SAVi methodology to integrate externalities, such as the social cost of carbon and health impacts, into a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis.

The report applies the SAVi methodology to analyze two scenarios for Bogota's transport infrastructure: a current scenario (20102022) focusing on BRT and NMT, and a future scenario (20102058) including the MRT system. The analysis finds that while conventional benefit-cost ratios (BCR) are low (0.3 to 0.6), the sustainable BCR (S-BCR), which incorporates externalities like health, retail revenues, and CO2 emissions, is significantly higher (3.8 to 6.1). The most substantial added benefits are identified as retail revenues and property value increases, while the only negative value is the time lost due to increased walking and cycling. The report concludes that the strategy is an attractive investment that improves quality of life and supports climate targets.

The GCF Accreditation Panel recommends the accreditation of Bancóldex, a Colombian state-owned development bank, as a national direct access entity. The bank is recommended for a 'medium' project size category (USD 50 million to USD 250 million) and a 'medium' environmental and social risk category (B/I-2). While Bancóldex demonstrated strong fiduciary capacities in project management, grant allocation, and on-lending, the panel identified gaps in whistleblower protection, gender policy, E&S information disclosure, and grievance redress mechanisms. These gaps are framed as conditions for accreditation to be met either before the master agreement becomes effective or before the first funding proposal is submitted.

The SAVi assessment of the Tirana–Durres railway in Albania reveals that while the project is not economically viable under conventional financial metrics (BCR of 0.12), it is highly profitable from a societal perspective with a Sustainable Benefit-Cost Ratio (S-BCR) of 4.79. Over a 30-year period (2023–2053), the project is projected to generate cumulative discounted net benefits of EUR 270.34 million. The most significant financial gains come from avoided vehicle operating costs (EUR 96.79 million), followed by health benefits (EUR 44.93 million), time savings (EUR 44.39 million), and avoided accident costs (EUR 41.61 million). The report argues that integrating non-tangible social and environmental externalities—such as reduced CO2 emissions and improved public health—provides a stronger business case for sustainable transport infrastructure in Albania.

The briefing argues that conventional neoclassical financial analysis fails to account for long-term non-financial risks and externalities, often leading to underinvestment in sustainable transport. It proposes an 'integrated financial analysis' where positive externalities—such as health benefits and time savings—are monetized and converted into revenue streams. Using a case study of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Bandung, Indonesia, the paper demonstrates that while the project is financially unviable based on ticket sales alone, it becomes viable if a small fraction (12% to 19%) of its societal externalities are internalized. The author recommends lowering social discount rates to better incentivize long-term sustainable investments.

The report evaluates the FAME II policy in India, finding that it generates significant net benefits by replacing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs). Using the SAVi methodology, the analysis demonstrates that while the conventional benefit-cost ratio (BCR) remains constant at 1.58 across scenarios, the government's BCR increases as its subsidy contribution decreases. The highest cumulative net benefits (INR 1,606.90 billion) occur in the scenario with the lowest government contribution (25%), as this shifts more of the investment burden to consumers while still stimulating EV uptake. The primary drivers of these benefits are the avoided investment and operation costs of ICE vehicles and reduced fuel use, all of which are borne by users rather than the state.

The World Resources Institute describes the COP28 agreement to transition away from fossil fuels as a historic outcome but warns that the transition requires a massive scale-up in climate finance for developing countries. While praising the activation of the Loss and Damage Fund and the Global Goal on Adaptation framework, the statement criticizes the deal's failure to limit the role of carbon capture technology and the lack of quantified targets for adaptation.

The SAVi assessment of the proposed BRT system in Bandung, Indonesia, indicates the project is highly profitable, with a benefit-cost ratio of 6.67 per USD 1 invested. The system is expected to generate USD 2.02 billion in cumulative discounted net benefits between 2022 and 2050. Primary benefits include time savings for users, increased retail revenues near stations, and health improvements resulting from reduced air pollution and increased physical activity.

The document analyzes Gogoro's transition from a startup to a global provider of light EV battery swapping. It attributes the company's success to three system-level innovations: the creation of a swappable battery standard adopted by multiple manufacturers, the implementation of new business models such as battery-as-a-service and virtual power plants, and the development of a physical 'swap-and-go' platform. The case study highlights Gogoro's role as a catalyst in Taiwan, where its batteries power 90 percent of electric scooters, and its strategic expansion into markets like India, South Korea, and the Philippines.

The Impact Financing Facility for Climate-Focused Social Enterprises is a first-loss default guarantee (FLDG) mechanism designed to bridge the USD 250 billion credit gap for MSMEs in India. Led by Villgro, the facility targets climate-focused social enterprises and their end-users who lack formal credit histories, providing them with collateral-free commercial debt twinned with technical assistance. A pilot conducted between 2021-23 with six enterprises demonstrated the instrument's viability with no defaults. The facility focuses on sectors including green energy, sustainable mobility, and waste management, with a specific emphasis on gender and circularity. It aims to graduate beneficiaries to independent commercial lending while achieving environmental targets, such as a 50,000 tCO2e reduction in emissions by 2028.

The SAVi assessment of a proposed 27.4 km BRT system in Bandung, Indonesia, demonstrates that the project is highly profitable from macroeconomic and societal perspectives, despite being economically unviable under conventional financial analysis. While a traditional benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is low (0.27 to 0.28), the sustainable BCR (S-BCR), which includes non-tangible social and environmental benefits, ranges from 6.67 to 7.67. The largest benefits are derived from the value of time saved and increased retail revenues. The report concludes that the project's societal benefits significantly outweigh its investment costs, providing a strong case for sustainable mobility investment in the city.

The assessment finds that while a traditional benefit-cost ratio (BCR) would render the Bandung BRT project non-investment-worthy at 0.27, a sustainable BCR (S-BCR) that includes wider societal benefits results in a ratio of 6.67. The project is projected to generate a cumulative discounted net benefit of USD 2.02 billion between 2022 and 2050, primarily driven by time savings for commuters. Key environmental and social gains include the reduction of at least 1.2 million tonnes of CO2 emissions and the avoidance of 205 fatalities from traffic accidents.

Colorado faces a housing shortage requiring approximately 325,000 units to stabilize prices, which currently drives suburban sprawl and increases greenhouse gas emissions. The document proposes transit-oriented development (TOD) and 'missing middle housing' as solutions to reduce vehicle miles traveled and land consumption. Specifically, RMI estimates that upzoning and infilling along transit corridors in the Denver metro could reduce per-capita vehicle miles traveled by 13% and greenhouse gas emissions by 8% by 2040.

The report provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia's sustainable debt market, which reached USD 2.4 billion by the end of 2022. It details the dominance of green bonds, the emergence of sustainability-linked bonds, and the role of the Colombian Green Taxonomy in guiding investments. The document also examines the country's climate vulnerability, the policy framework for adaptation and resilience, and specific opportunities across economic sectors such as energy, transport, and construction to support a low-carbon transition.

The document details the processes, financial mechanics, and outcomes of municipal green bonds in Mexico City and Reykjavík, and a sustainability bond by Manila Water. It highlights the importance of international standards, second-party opinions, and government guarantees in successfully attracting capital for climate-resilient urban infrastructure.

The SAVi assessment of Coimbatore's NMT plan, which involves 300 km of routes to be implemented by 2035, demonstrates that the project is highly profitable from a societal perspective. While a conventional benefit-cost ratio (BCR) suggests the project is not economically viable (0.47 to 0.50), the sustainable benefit-cost ratio (S-BCR), which includes externalities, ranges from 4.75 to 4.93. The largest individual benefit is the avoided cost of traffic accidents, valued at INR 30,144 million. Other significant gains include health benefits from physical activity and reduced fuel costs, although these are partially offset by the health costs of increased air pollution exposure for cyclists.