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This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the economic vulnerabilities of China to climate-induced floods and heatwaves, emphasizing that indirect economic losses often exceed direct damages and can disrupt global supply chains due to the concentration of manufacturing in high-risk regions.

This report analyzes the generation and causes of food waste and food loss across the entire Estonian food supply chain in 2020. It estimates that approximately 167,000 tons of food waste are generated annually in Estonia, with households being the largest contributors. The study provides a detailed breakdown of waste by sector—households, catering, trade, industry, and primary production—and offers strategic recommendations for reduction and better national accounting.

This research paper presents a methodology for analyzing subnational climate risk exposure for individual commodity traders by linking high-resolution supply chain data with gridded crop yield projections, using Brazilian soy production as a case study.

This briefing from the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines strategies to build climate-resilient urban food systems, focusing on the cities of Calgary and Edmonton. It argues that strengthening local food production and diversifying supply chains can mitigate risks posed by extreme weather and global supply shocks.

This executive summary assesses progress toward Goal 2 of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), which aims to eliminate deforestation from agricultural commodity supply chains by 2020. The report finds that while corporate commitments are increasing—particularly for palm oil and wood products—implementation remains inconsistent, with significant gaps in time-bound actionable plans, traceability to the production level, and compliance reporting. The report highlights that the majority of tropical deforestation is concentrated in Indonesia, Brazil, Malaysia, and Paraguay, making targeted action in these countries critical.

This technical annex assesses progress toward Goal 2 of the New York Declaration on Forests, which aims to eliminate deforestation from the production of agricultural commodities—specifically palm oil, soy, paper, and beef—by 2020. The report uses market share of certified commodities and the number of corporate and governmental commitments as proxy indicators for progress, noting significant data gaps and varying levels of ambition across different sectors.

This document introduces the methodology for the IISD Supply Risk Tool, designed to help Chinese enterprises and policy-makers assess and manage the social and environmental risks within inbound supply chains to ensure security of supply.

This policy brief examines the intersection of bioenergy market development and climate change adaptation in the Nordic region, specifically focusing on Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. It analyzes how globalization and climate-driven shifts in productivity and logistics affect the supply chains of bioethanol, biodiesel, wood pellets, and wood chips.

This policy brief, produced by the Stockholm Environment Institute in partnership with the business leaders' initiative 3C, examines the risk of metal scarcity for low-carbon technologies. Using a custom scenario calculator, the authors analyze the future supply and demand for cobalt, lithium, neodymium, indium, and tellurium, concluding that cumulative supply deficits for several of these metals could hinder the global transition to a low-carbon economy.

This fact sheet describes the Resources and Energy Analysis Programme (REAP), a software tool developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to analyze the environmental impacts of economic activity and policy. REAP focuses on consumption-based accounting, tracking resource use and emissions through supply chains to generate ecological, carbon, and greenhouse gas footprints for various spatial scales, primarily within the UK.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute describes the role of lithium as a critical mineral for clean energy, its global supply chain, extraction and processing methods, and the environmental and social externalities associated with its production.

The Ember China Solar Export Data Methodology guide outlines how Ember tracks China's solar photovoltaic exports, utilizing data from the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China (GACC) and pricing from InfoLink Consulting Group to estimate export capacity in megawatts (MW).

The 2020 Goal 2 Assessment finds that supply chain efforts failed to eliminate deforestation from agricultural commodity production by 2020, noting that while some sector-specific progress exists in Southeast Asia, global impacts remain difficult to link to company initiatives.

This annex provides a detailed overview of sustainability schemes targeting the mining sector, categorizing them by their supply chain target and outlining their specific requirements for biodiversity and forest conservation.

This case study profiles Trinitan Green Energy Metals (TGEM), an Indonesian company utilizing Step Temperature Acid Leach (STAL) technology to produce high-purity nickel for the global electric vehicle (EV) battery industry. The document details TGEM's efforts to implement closed-loop refining ecosystems to reduce the environmental footprint of nickel production.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute details the volume and causes of food waste and food loss across Estonia's food supply chain, based on a study conducted between 2020 and 2021. It identifies households as the largest contributors to food waste and highlights a significant increase in waste within the retail sector compared to 2015.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute discusses the concept of indirect climate change impacts—risks that originate outside a country's borders but are transmitted through biophysical, trade, finance, and human pathways. It highlights a systemic lack of attention to these international dimensions in national adaptation planning and proposes the 'Adaptation Without Borders' project to improve conceptual frameworks and evidence bases for decision-makers.

The UK Soy Manifesto is a collective industry commitment to ensure that all physical shipments of soy imported into the UK are free from deforestation and conversion. Signatories commit to implementing these standards immediately where possible, and no later than 2025, using a cut-off date of January 2020 for deforestation and conversion.

A statement by a coalition of Indonesian civil society organizations expressing dissatisfaction with the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) agreed upon on 6 December 2022. The groups argue that the regulation is a unilateral initiative that fails to address the root causes of deforestation, lacks sufficient protections for human rights and smallholders, and contains inadequate definitions and monitoring mechanisms.

The 'Square Your Circle' guidebook provides a framework for apparel companies to ensure that the transition to reuse business models within the circular economy is equitable and just by identifying stakeholders and mitigating risks.