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The document defines guarantees as instruments that transfer risk from transaction parties to third parties, such as multilateral development banks or governments, to lower borrowing costs and crowd in private capital. It details the types of risks covered—commercial, political, and market—and identifies key sectors for application, including energy, climate-resilient infrastructure, agriculture, and green manufacturing. The guide outlines the internal and regulatory capacities governments need to act as either beneficiaries or guarantors, categorizes financial market readiness into shallow, emerging, and mature markets, and discusses challenges such as time horizon misalignments and a lack of bankable project pipelines.

The document outlines the financial impact of a low-carbon transition across four major economies. It highlights that net oil consumers, including China, the EU, India, and the US, could see significant financial benefits from reducing oil demand. However, it warns of substantial asset stranding risks in China and India due to planned coal-fired power capacity exceeding IEA two-degree thresholds. In contrast, the EU and US face lower coal stranding risks but must manage the eventual peak of natural gas consumption by 2030 to minimize value loss.

A survey of 2,164 American adults in 2008 reveals that while the economy is the top national priority, a majority of Americans view global warming as a serious threat and support a wide range of climate and energy policies, including renewable energy research and carbon regulation. Despite this support, political and consumer activism remains low, largely due to a lack of information on how to act. Most Americans trust scientists and family as information sources but express uncertainty about whether humanity will successfully reduce global warming.

The report finds that a significant portion of Donald Trump's 2016 voters hold views on climate change that diverge from his public positions. Nearly half believe global warming is happening, and many support international agreements, carbon taxes, and renewable energy deployment, despite also supporting fossil fuel extraction on public lands.

The report finds that 70% of Coloradans believe global warming is happening, though only 48% attribute it primarily to human activities. While 59% are worried about global warming and 73% consider it personally important, there is significant uncertainty regarding scientific consensus, with 50% believing there is "a lot of disagreement among scientists". Residents have observed increased severity in wildfires (75%) and droughts (72%) within the state. There is broad support for clean energy, including tax rebates for energy-efficient vehicles or solar panels (79%) and renewable energy mandates for utilities (67%). Most respondents (69%) believe the U.S. should reduce greenhouse gas emissions regardless of other countries' actions. Individual engagement varies, with 51% rewarding climate-friendly companies through purchases and 39% punishing opposing companies by boycotting them.

The report finds that while a majority of Ohioans believe global warming is happening and support clean energy transitions, there is significant uncertainty regarding scientific consensus and the likelihood of successful collective action. A large portion of the population perceives increased flooding and heat waves in the state and believes that corporations, citizens, and government officials should all do more to address the issue.

The report finds that while 70% of Texans believe global warming is happening, there is significant uncertainty regarding its causes and the level of scientific consensus. A majority of Texans support clean energy transitions and believe the U.S. should reduce emissions regardless of other countries' actions, though they often view global warming as a greater threat to others than to themselves personally.

The report finds that while 70% of Columbus residents believe global warming is happening and many are worried about it, there is significant uncertainty regarding scientific consensus and personal experience with its effects. A majority support clean energy transitions and believe the U.S. should reduce emissions regardless of other countries' actions, though they remain skeptical about humanity's collective will to successfully reduce global warming.

A 2013 survey of 700 San Francisco adults reveals high levels of belief in human-caused global warming (67%) and significant concern for its impacts. While residents expect severe future effects, including the potential abandonment of parts of the city due to sea level rise (66%), they are uncertain if humanity will successfully reduce warming. There is strong support for clean energy transitions and a preference for the U.S. to reduce emissions regardless of other countries' actions.

A survey of 10,660 UK residents reveals high levels of climate change awareness, with 86% believing it is happening and 75% attributing it to human activity. While 80% of respondents express worry about climate change and 82% support renewable energy, personal risk perception is lower than concern for future generations. The report also details local environmental experiences, noting that 68% of respondents experienced at least one environmental problem in the past year, most notably severe storms and flooding.

The document provides a statistical breakdown of climate change attitudes among U.S. Republicans. It identifies that a minority of Republicans are 'Alarmed' (8%) or 'Concerned' (19%), and further analyzes this subgroup's demographics, risk perceptions, and policy support. Alarmed/Concerned Republicans show significantly higher support for clean energy transitions and carbon regulation compared to the general U.S. population, and they are more likely to be moderate in their political views and female than their non-concerned Republican peers.

The report finds that a significant portion of Trump voters believe global warming is happening and support various climate-friendly policies, including the Paris agreement and renewable energy expansion, despite the candidate's public skepticism.

The report argues that climate change will increasingly exacerbate risks to US national security by intensifying physical impacts and mounting geopolitical tensions over the energy transition. It identifies a likely increase in cross-border conflicts over water and migration, strategic competition in the Arctic, and the risk of unilateral solar geoengineering. The document highlights 11 highly vulnerable countries and two regions (Central Africa and Pacific island states) where climate-induced instability may necessitate increased US diplomatic, humanitarian, and military resources. It also notes that current global policies are insufficient to meet Paris Agreement goals, leading to competition over critical minerals and technologies.

The document details three community solar initiatives in Colorado, Iowa, and Minnesota. Grand Valley Power Cooperative developed a self-funded 17 kW array and a 24 kW low-income project with Grid Alternatives. Cedar Falls Utilities launched a 1.5 MW 'Simple Solar' program using a power purchasing agreement. Lake Region Electric Cooperative built a 25 kW array. All three utilized on-bill financing—adding lease payments to monthly utility bills—to remove upfront cost barriers, often substituting credit checks with utility payment history to expand eligibility.

In 2024, the United States had more than 4,085,300 climate jobs, with clean energy job creation outpacing fossil fuel job creation. Energy efficiency was the largest sector, supporting nearly 2.4 million jobs, while renewable energy supported 596,100 jobs, dominated by solar and wind. Clean energy storage and grid modernization supported 160,300 jobs. Clean vehicle employment fell by 3% between 2023 and 2024, though renewable fuels remained steady. The adaptation and resilience industry grew by 18% to $4.8 billion in 2024, despite a lack of formal tracking by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Federal legislation including the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) significantly drove investment, although some incentives were weakened or eliminated in 2025.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 introduced "direct pay" (or "elective pay"), allowing tax-exempt entities—such as nonprofits, state and local governments, and tribal governments—to receive direct payments from the IRS in lieu of tax credits for clean energy investments. Eligible credits include a 30% base credit for solar and battery storage, credits for commercial electric vehicles up to $40,000, and credits for alternative fuel infrastructure. Additional bonuses are available for projects in "energy communities," those using "domestic content," or those qualifying for the Low-Income Community Tax Credit. The process involves pre-registering with the IRS and filing specific tax forms, with a total timeline ranging from four to 18 months.

This fact sheet identifies 20 potential sources for hydrogen production and categorizes them by the technical process used to extract or create the gas, ranging from steam methane reforming and gasification to electrolysis and photobiological water splitting.

The House Committee on Appropriations proposed $1.87 billion for DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy programs for FY 2008, a 52% increase over the Administration's request. The bill restores funding for geothermal and hydropower, increases budgets for solar, wind, and biomass, and boosts funding for building and vehicle technologies, while rejecting a request for the Asia Pacific Partnership.

The 2026 Global Electricity Review reports that in 2025, clean energy growth—driven primarily by solar power—met 100% of new global electricity demand, resulting in the first year since 2020 where fossil fuel generation did not increase. For the first time in the modern era, renewables exceeded coal, accounting for over one-third of global electricity generation. This shift was significantly influenced by declines in fossil fuel generation in China and India, both of which saw decreases in 2025. Solar energy's growth was 18 times greater than that of gas, and the deployment of battery storage is increasingly supporting the transition to 24/7 clean power, with countries like Chile and Australia leading in grid-scale storage.

The document reports that clean electricity generated 38% of the world's power in 2021, surpassing coal. While renewables met all electricity demand growth in the first half of 2022, the report notes that unabated coal power must fall by 87% in the next nine years to align with 1.5C goals. Regional analysis highlights China's leadership in wind and solar, Europe's accelerated transition due to the gas crisis, and the significant role of coal mines as the largest source of energy sector methane.