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This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law analyzes a July 23, 2025, advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) regarding States' obligations to address climate change. The ruling, adopted unanimously by 15 judges, establishes that States have binding obligations under international law to protect the climate system, phase out fossil fuels, and provide reparations for climate damage.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) provides a comprehensive overview of global warming and climate change, explaining their causes, impacts on health and environment, and the strategies used for mitigation and adaptation. It details the role of greenhouse gases, the specific contributions of the livestock sector, and the current state of climate action within the United States and through United Nations frameworks.

This briefing note from the Center for International Environmental Law outlines the legal obligations of States to protect the ocean from climate change by halting fossil fuel expansion and phasing out their use. It highlights the significance of climate advisory opinions from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in establishing these duties.

The 'Climate Risk Profile: Belize' report outlines the climatic hazards facing Belize, specifically focusing on the Maya Forest Corridor, Glover's Reef Marine Reserve, and South Water Caye Marine Reserve. It emphasizes the need for nature-based solutions (NbS) that are gender-responsive and socially inclusive to mitigate threats to biodiversity, food security, and socio-economic development.

This report provides a comprehensive climate risk profile for Belize, focusing on the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and communities within and around specific marine and terrestrial protected areas. It details observed climatic changes, future projections, and the resulting vulnerabilities of local livelihoods, while recommending nature-based solutions (NbS) and gender-responsive adaptation strategies to enhance resilience.

This research paper describes the evolution of a large delta system in the southern Buenos Aires Province of Argentina from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present, focusing on the roles of the Colorado and Negro rivers.

This research paper describes the development of a cooperative breaching protocol for the sand barrier at Laguna de Rocha, Uruguay, to resolve long-term stakeholder conflicts and preserve natural hydrodynamics. The protocol is based on historical management data, geomorphological and hydrological studies, and a participatory advisory group, utilizing indicators such as water depth, berm elevation, and rainfall forecasts to guide management decisions.

A study on compound flooding in Halmstad, Sweden, analyzing the co-variability of river discharge, sea level, and precipitation driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and projecting future risks driven by sea level rise and river discharge.

This case study examines the impact of climate change on the fishing village of Laborie, Saint Lucia, highlighting how rising sea levels, ocean warming, and extreme weather events threaten the local blue economy and the livelihoods of fisherfolk.

This case study describes a women-led initiative in Manzanillo, Costa Rica, where community leader Ana Cecilia Solís Ugalde established MUDECOOP, a mangrove nursery and reforestation project. The initiative aims to build climate resilience against tidal waves and flooding, address food insecurity through a communal dining room, and create alternative economic opportunities via community tourism.

This fact sheet explains the formation and types of glaciers, the drivers and consequences of their melting due to global warming, and the importance of legal protections for these freshwater reserves, highlighting Argentina's National Glacier Law.

This case study details a petition filed by eight Torres Strait Islanders and six children against the Australian government to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, alleging that Australia's failure to address climate change violated their fundamental human rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

This report by Zero Carbon Analytics examines how G7 economies are exposed to cross-border climate risks due to the interconnected nature of global supply chains. It highlights that extreme weather events in production hubs—particularly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America—can cause global price spikes, industrial production declines, and threats to food security in industrialised nations. The document argues that because manufacturing is often offshored to lower-cost regions, G7 nations must cooperate internationally to fund climate adaptation in developing countries to secure their own supply chains.

This case study describes the efforts of the Galveston Bay Foundation to restore and protect wetland habitats in Galveston Bay, Texas, to combat sea level rise and storm surges. It highlights the use of nature-based infrastructure, such as breakwaters and marsh terraces, funded by federal and private grants, and discusses how these projects encourage private land conservation and the challenges of federal funding match requirements.

This briefing from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) introduces a series titled "Living with Climate Change," focusing on community preparation for climate threats including polar vortices, sea level rise, wildfires, and extreme heat. The document specifically highlights the risks associated with polar vortex events, noting that climate change is expected to affect their frequency and severity, and emphasizes the need for adaptation strategies to prevent deadly power outages.

A case study by Friends of the Earth detailing a legal victory where the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) ordered a full environmental review of the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant before allowing a 20-year license extension.

This issue brief by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute examines how U.S. ports are addressing climate change through mitigation strategies—such as electrification and renewable energy—and adaptation measures, including gray infrastructure and nature-based solutions, to protect operations and improve the health of near-port communities.

This policy brief by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute examines how U.S. ports are addressing climate change through mitigation strategies to reduce emissions and adaptation measures to increase resilience against sea level rise and extreme weather.

This case study by the Climate Policy Initiative tracks public and private urban climate investment flows in Jakarta between 2015 and 2019, identifying a heavy reliance on public funding and a significant underutilization of private finance.

This case study describes the "Enhancing climate change adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt 2018-2025" project, co-financed by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. The project aims to mitigate coastal flooding risks caused by sea level rise and extreme storm events through physical infrastructure and strategic planning.