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The document provides a comprehensive framework for Senegalese communities to understand climate change, assess their vulnerabilities, and take 'climate action' through legal empowerment. It details the specific climate risks facing Senegal, lists international and national legal obligations, and provides a step-by-step toolkit for advocacy, information access, and litigation.

The document details the collaboration between IDSA and PRIO, focusing on India's perspectives on food security, nuclear governance, and climate change. It highlights India's pursuit of nuclear energy capacity, its adherence to the CBDR-RC principle in climate negotiations, and the internal challenges of food insecurity and insurgencies.

The report posits that climate change is an artifact of resource inefficiency and that mitigating it can be done at a profit. It highlights that energy efficiency, switching to low-carbon fuels, and improving forestry and farming practices can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while lowering costs for businesses and governments. The text argues against the necessity of nuclear power, citing its high cost and market failure, and instead promotes wind, solar, and combined-cycle gas turbines. It suggests that market-oriented policies, such as those established by the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal Treaty, can incentivize carbon reductions through trading mechanisms. The document concludes that the transition to a low-carbon economy can be managed without net job losses, provided there is transitional support for displaced workers in the fossil fuel sector.

The document outlines how LEAP models land-use change and resource availability, specifically for Biomass Energy Strategies (BESTs) and renewable energy assessments.

Chad's updated NDC aims for a 19.3% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual scenario, primarily through energy efficiency and reforestation. The plan identifies agriculture as the dominant emission source (95%) and emphasizes extreme vulnerability to droughts and floods. Implementation requires an estimated 6.7 billion USD for mitigation and between 5 and 14 billion USD for adaptation, with a heavy reliance on international financial support.

Mali's revised NDC aims for a 40% total reduction in net GHG emissions by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual scenario. The plan covers four sectors: energy, agriculture, forestry/land-use change, and waste, with specific reduction targets for each. It emphasizes a transition to a low-carbon economy through renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and intensive reforestation (REDD+). Adaptation is a priority, focusing on green economy resilience, water management (GIRE), and gender-sensitive policies. The total cost for mitigation is estimated at $4.344 billion, while adaptation is valued at $8 billion.

The document examines the role of carbon offsets in climate policy, highlighting their ability to reduce mitigation costs and provide sustainability co-benefits. However, it identifies significant risks including additionality, permanence, leakage, and quantification errors. Through a 'road test' of various protocols, the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) demonstrates that the amount of offsets credited for the same project can vary by a factor of 2 or more. The brief recommends that offsets be used as transitional tools and that protocols be standardized to ensure consistent calculation of emission reduction credits.

The document identifies ten proven climate solutions that, if scaled up in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine, could reduce emissions by approximately 150 million tonnes by 2030 and save up to 1.2 billion euros.

The report analyzes 40 low-carbon interventions in Mexico's electric power, oil and gas, energy end-use, transport, and agriculture and forestry sectors. It finds that implementing these measures could stabilize emissions at 2008 levels by 2030, avoiding approximately 477 Mt CO2e relative to a baseline scenario. Many of these interventions are 'no-regrets' options with positive economic returns, though their scale-up is hindered by institutional, regulatory, and financial barriers.

The document outlines research needs for spring management in Nepal's Midhills across three domains: improving rainfall data through remote sensing and citizen science; understanding hydrogeology, including recharge mechanisms and climate change impacts; and addressing socio-economic issues such as equitable access and SDG interactions.

Nigeria's Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) establishes a pathway to net-zero emissions by 2060. The strategy analyzes four decarbonization scenarios—Business As Usual (BAU), Current Policy Scenario (CPS), Gas Economy Scenario (GES), and Renewable Energy Scenario (RES)—concluding that the RES, supported by international aid (RES+), offers the most promising balance of low emissions and economic growth. The report details sectoral mitigation measures for power, AFOLU, industry, transport, and waste, alongside a comprehensive adaptation framework to protect the economy, particularly the agriculture sector, from climate-induced GDP losses. Implementation relies on policy, financial, and technological innovations, including carbon pricing and the establishment of a National Climate Change Fund.

Ethiopia's Long-Term Low Emission and Climate Resilient Development Strategy (2020-2050) establishes a pathway to net-zero emissions by 2050. The strategy analyzes four scenarios: Business-as-Usual (BAU), NDC-aligned, Maximum Ambition, and Late Action. It prioritizes decarbonization in energy, transport, agriculture, forestry, waste, and industrial processes (IPPU). Key pillars include expanding renewable energy, electrifying transport, enhancing carbon sinks through reforestation, and modernizing agriculture. The document emphasizes a 'just transition' through a Women and Youth in Green Jobs Program and identifies a significant financing gap, estimating a total investment requirement of USD 154 billion for the NDC-aligned scenario.

The document argues that Colombia's forestry sector, despite its resilience to COVID-19, faces systemic challenges including high informality, lack of unified institutional vision, and inadequate financing. It highlights that 42% of produced timber is estimated to be illegal and that deforestation persisted during the pandemic, with over 75,000 hectares lost in the Colombian Amazon in early 2020. The brief recommends strengthening the Forest Monitoring and Carbon System (SMByC), creating a national forestry observatory, reforming the Forest Incentive Certificate (CIF), and promoting community forestry concessions to integrate small producers into the formal economy and meet 2030 GDP targets for the forestry economy.

The paper identifies four key lessons from Annex I countries' experience with LULUCF accounting, arguing that current rules lead to under-reporting of emissions and lack the precision required for carbon markets. It recommends broader reporting requirements, a diversified financing approach for REDD beyond carbon markets, full and consistent data reporting including non-carbon factors, and the implementation of full land use emissions inventories for countries engaging in voluntary REDD Plus activities.

The document evaluates China's pledges to reduce carbon intensity and increase non-fossil fuel energy use by 2020, arguing these goals are achievable but require policies beyond 'business as usual'. It highlights the importance of a new biannual emissions reporting system and advocates for sustained U.S.-China bilateral cooperation in clean energy research and technology deployment.

The study identifies biophysical conditions, accessibility, and land management as the primary drivers of forest loss in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's CARPE landscapes. Under a business-as-usual scenario, it predicts a loss of approximately 332,200 hectares of forest and 205 million metric tons of CO2 emissions between 2015 and 2025, with the majority of loss occurring in the Ituri-Epulu-Aru and Lac Télé-Lac Tumba landscapes.

The document assesses the capacity of U.S. forests and farms to remove carbon dioxide, estimating the potential at hundreds of millions of metric tons per year. It highlights that while marginal costs are generally below US$50/tCO2, scaling requires overcoming challenges in measurement, monitoring, land-use competition, and funding. The paper distinguishes between practices that may reduce food and fiber supply and those that do not, such as reforestation on nonagricultural lands and improved forest carbon management.

Federal investment of $55 billion annually in the new climate economy could direct nearly $15 billion per year to rural US counties, supporting approximately 260,000 rural jobs annually for at least five years. This investment is estimated to generate $21.7 billion in annual value added to rural economies, with 45 percent of created jobs benefiting economically disadvantaged rural areas.

The document outlines the role of southern U.S. forests in carbon sequestration and the function of forest carbon offsets as a cost-control mechanism for emitters. It identifies four project types—reforestation, afforestation, forest conservation/avoided conversion, and improved forest management—and emphasizes quality criteria such as additionality and permanence. While carbon offset income may not outcompete real estate development, it can help cover incremental costs like property taxes.

Tree restoration in the United States, including reforestation, restocking understocked forests, silvopasture, cropland agroforestry, and urban reforestation, offers a significant near-term opportunity for carbon removal. The document estimates a plausible removal of 180–360 MtCO2 per year by 2040, with an average cost of less than $10 per ton of CO2. To achieve this, the author argues for federal policy interventions such as tax credits or direct payments, environmental integrity safeguards, the use of third-party intermediaries, and technical assistance for landowners.