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The Ethiopia Electric Utility (EEU) is working to increase women's representation in the electricity sector, targeting 30% female employment by 2023. These efforts include STEM scholarships, internships, the establishment of childcare centers, and the creation of policies to combat sexual harassment and gender-based violence. The program is supported by a $4.5 million allocation within the Ethiopia Electrification Program (ELEAP), funded by the World Bank and other grants.

The submission argues that South Africa's draft NDC targets are insufficiently ambitious, aligning with a 3°C temperature increase rather than the 1.5°C or 2°C goals necessary to protect public health. It highlights the severe health risks posed by climate change in South Africa, including drought, heat, and infectious diseases, and notes that coal-fired power stations cause over 2,200 deaths annually. The authors advocate for a 'green' recovery from COVID-19, urging a shift from fossil fuel investments toward renewable energy and a commitment to phase out coal by 2034. The document proposes specific co-benefit policies in energy (e.g., adopting the Climate Justice Charter), food and agriculture (e.g., incentivizing urban agriculture), and transportation (e.g., electrifying public transit) to simultaneously reduce emissions and improve health outcomes.

The document argues that a share of proceeds for adaptation should be levied on all Article 6.2 and 6.4 transactions as a monetary contribution with a floor value to ensure stable funding. It further asserts that all Internationally Traded Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) and Article 6.4 emission reductions (A6.4ERs), including those from sectors or gases outside a host Party's NDC, must be subject to corresponding adjustments to prevent double counting and maintain environmental integrity.

The report finds that while there is broad stakeholder interest and significant latent potential for green projects in Ghana—particularly in renewable energy, green housing, and water infrastructure—the green bond market is currently nascent with no prior issuances. Key barriers include a shallow debt capital market, a lack of formal issuance guidelines, limited technical capacity to identify eligible project pipelines, and a mismatch between issuer and investor expectations regarding pricing. The study suggests that government leadership, such as a sovereign green bond issuance planned for 2021/22, and the development of a dedicated green segment on the Ghana Stock Exchange are critical for catalyzing the market. It also emphasizes the need for credit enhancements and technical assistance to bridge the gap between speculative project ideas and bankable green bonds.

The report finds that baseline projections for oil, gas, and coal production are significantly higher than the levels required to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It highlights that the largest production increases are projected in the United States, Brazil, Iran, Canada, and Saudi Arabia. The analysis argues that a managed wind-down of production is necessary to avoid inequitable outcomes, as the projected production from high-income and low-dependence countries alone would exceed the 1.5°C-consistent global budget.

This report establishes the theoretical foundation for an MRV system in Senegal's waste sector as part of a project to implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It defines MRV components, outlines core GHG accounting principles such as transparency and accuracy, and categorizes MRV applications into emissions, actions, support, and other outcomes. The document emphasizes that an effective MRV system serves as a planning tool for continuous improvement and a mechanism to attract climate finance by providing high-resolution data on emission reductions.

The document advises journalists to treat COP26 with urgency, framing coverage around the 1.5 C temperature goal, climate justice, and the political barriers to solutions. It emphasizes the need for advance coverage and the localization of global climate impacts to make the summit relevant to diverse audiences.

The document highlights the critical role of local governments in achieving Bangladesh's national and international climate commitments, noting that while national policies like the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 exist, they often lack alignment with local realities. It identifies significant gaps in vertical coordination, technical capacity, and dedicated climate financing for municipalities. The brief recommends the use of resilience planning tools, the establishment of national knowledge management 'cells', and the inclusion of local governments in national consultation processes to ensure budgets and policies are responsive to on-the-ground urban vulnerabilities.

Peru has integrated gender perspectives into its climate action through a four-stage process involving multiple ministries, resulting in 58% of adaptation measures now including gender perspectives. Key achievements include the 2016 Gender and Climate Change Action Plan and the 'Dialoguemos' participatory process. However, challenges remain regarding the institutionalisation of these approaches, limited technical knowledge, and the need for gender-sensitive implementation at regional and local levels.

The report identifies significant opportunities for green finance in Central America and the Caribbean (CAC), noting that while the market is small with only six deals to date, there is high potential for expansion in renewable energy, low-carbon transport, sustainable water and waste management, sustainable agriculture, and the blue economy. It highlights the role of the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) and regional stock exchanges in driving this growth, while providing a guide for issuers to align with international standards like the Climate Bonds Taxonomy.

The report analyzes the green finance landscape in Central America and the Caribbean (CAC), noting that while the market is small—with only six green bond issuances as of June 2020—there is significant potential for growth in renewable energy, low-carbon transport, sustainable water, and waste management. It highlights the role of the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) and the leadership of Costa Rica in climate ambition. The document provides a step-by-step guide for green financing and explores emerging opportunities in sustainable agriculture and the blue economy, while discussing the economic disruptions caused by COVID-19 and the 2020 hurricane season.

The report highlights Malaysia's leadership in sustainable finance, particularly through the issuance of green sukuk, and identifies a significant pipeline of green infrastructure projects. It emphasizes the need for private capital to meet a cumulative infrastructure investment requirement of roughly USD 460bn from 2016-2040. Key opportunities are detailed in renewable energy (especially solar and biomass), low-carbon transport (rail and EVs), sustainable water management, and waste-to-energy projects.

The document argues that National Development Banks (NDBs) are ideally positioned to bridge the financing gap for climate-smart urban infrastructure due to their local knowledge and proximity to cities. However, it notes that only 4% of Public Development Banks are specifically mandated to finance local governments. The research identifies barriers across policy, institutional, and financial levels—such as restrictive legal structures, lack of bankable project pipelines, and insufficient capitalization. To address these, the authors introduce an 'NDB Maturity Model' consisting of twelve dimensions across strategic, financial, business, and operational parameters. The brief recommends that national ministers update NDB mandates to include climate focus, reassess legal structures to allow for higher risk and longer tenors, and integrate NDBs into national climate goals and infrastructure strategies. A case study on Indonesia's PT SMI and the 'SDG Indonesia One' platform is provided as an example of using blended finance to implement SDG-oriented infrastructure projects.

This policy brief examines the supply and demand barriers preventing National Development Banks (NDBs) from financing green urban infrastructure. It introduces a 12-dimension 'maturity model' across strategic, financial, business, and operational parameters to help NDBs optimize their capacity. The brief argues that while NDBs are ideally positioned as intermediaries, few have the specific mandates or capitalization required to support local governments, necessitating coordinated action from national governments and development finance institutions.

In 2018, Kenya received KES 243.3 billion (USD 2.4 billion) in climate finance, which is approximately half of the annual funding required to meet its NDC targets. The report highlights a significant imbalance in fund allocation, with 79.8% of finance directed toward mitigation—primarily large-scale renewable energy—while adaptation received only 11.7%. Public finance accounted for 59.4% of the total, and private finance 40.7%. Major investment gaps exist in the water, forestry, and transport sectors. The document recommends scaling up adaptation finance, implementing private sector incentives for non-energy sectors, and operationalizing 'Segment 8' in the Integrated Financial Management and Information System (IFMIS) to improve climate expenditure tracking.

The report asserts that the Great Barrier Reef's Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) is deteriorating due to climate change, with the IUCN assessing its outlook as "critical" in 2020. It argues that Australia is fueling this crisis by maintaining inadequate emissions targets, expanding fossil fuel exports, and failing to align its Reef 2050 Plan with a well-below 1.5°C warming pathway. The document concludes that site-level mitigation is insufficient and calls for the World Heritage Committee to require Australia to implement national-level decarbonization and legislative commitments to protect the Reef.

The document examines the systemic link between gender equality and sustainable development, asserting that discriminatory social norms and legal barriers hinder environmental and economic progress. It highlights the economic costs of gender inequality, the historical evolution of UN gender policies, and the specific benefits of women's leadership in climate-smart agriculture, renewable energy, and natural resource governance. The briefing concludes with recommendations for gender-responsive policies, increased funding for women-led organizations, and ensuring women's control over productive resources to meet the 2030 Agenda.

The NAP Global Network responds to an external evaluation of its 2015–2020 activities, committing to integrate findings into its 2021–2025 Strategy. Key commitments include revising its Theory of Change, expanding support to 30 new countries by 2025, and shifting focus from 'paper NAPs' toward the actual implementation of adaptation priorities. The Network also aims to enhance private sector engagement, vertical integration, and the alignment of NAP processes with the Paris Agreement's Global Stocktake and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

The Republic of the Marshall Islands is developing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) using a participatory, bottom-up consultative process known as the "Reimaanlok" Process. The NAP is intended as an umbrella document to mobilize financial resources and guide sustainable adaptation interventions across urban centres, intermediate centres, and outer atoll islands. Key milestones include a 2021 climate vulnerability assessment for Majuro Atoll and an expected completion date for the full NAP in June 2022. The process is overseen by the Tile Til Eo Committee (TTEC), which coordinates policy advice and decision-making on climate priorities. Priority sectors for adaptation include water, food security, fisheries, health, education, infrastructure, livelihood, coastal resources, and policy development. Observed and anticipated climate impacts include sea-level rise, loss of fresh water, drought, salinization of groundwater, and declining coral reef health.

The document argues that while most Southern African NDCs mention agriculture, they often lack quantifiable commitments, detailed financing plans, and inclusive governance. It recommends that revised NDCs explicitly include farmers as active agents of change, integrate gender and youth considerations, and establish multi-stakeholder platforms to ensure agricultural interests are reflected in climate action and sustainable development goals.