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This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines six critical areas of climate finance to monitor during the COP 21 negotiations in Paris. It emphasizes the need for developed countries to meet the $100 billion annual funding goal by 2020, the importance of increasing adaptation funding, and the necessity of transparent reporting and a predictable finance cycle to support developing nations.

This research paper explores the interactions between Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) and Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), focusing on how these specific actions relate to broader climate targets across finance, stakeholder engagement, and institutional frameworks.

This report examines the concept of a "fair share" for emissions in 2025 and 2030, assessing the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) of ten selected countries against various effort sharing models and fair share approaches.

The SAIIA Youth Policy Committee (YPC) issued a statement on November 25, 2015, outlining its support for a legally binding agreement at COP21 to combat climate change and transition to low-carbon economies. The committee emphasizes the need for ambitious pre-2020 action plans, the integration of adaptation goals into the Paris agreement, and the necessity of predictable climate finance from developed countries to support developing nations.

The document proposes a comprehensive framework to coordinate sub- and nonstate climate actions, emphasizing the need for a structured approach to ensure that 'bottom-up' governance delivers meaningful results during the 2015 United Nations climate conference negotiations.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines four priority issues for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board meeting in Zambia in November 2015. The meeting marks a milestone as the Board faces its first set of specific activity proposals and seeks to establish precedents for paradigm-shifting climate finance in developing countries.

This primer by Friends of the Earth International describes the structure, governance, and operational mechanisms of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), a multilateral fund under the UNFCCC designed to support climate adaptation and mitigation in developing countries. It details the role of Accredited Entities, National Designated Authorities, and the influence of the private sector and civil society, while highlighting concerns regarding the accreditation of banks with poor human rights and environmental records.

This fact sheet, published by Friends of the Earth International in November 2015, provides a guide to the Green Climate Fund (GCF), detailing its governance, funding mechanisms, accreditation processes, and the role of various stakeholders including the private sector and civil society.

A statement from Jennifer Morgan of the World Resources Institute regarding the conclusion of climate negotiations in Bonn, Germany, and the necessary momentum required leading up to COP21 in Paris.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines the critical objectives for climate negotiations in Bonn as a prelude to COP21 in Paris. It evaluates the current state of national climate plans and identifies key areas in the co-chairs' draft agreement—including improvement cycles, long-term goals, transparency, finance, and adaptation—that require further clarity and ambition to ensure a strong global agreement.

This research paper examines the relationship between climate change mitigation and adaptation, analyzing their complementarity and comparability across global and national-to-local scales.

This policy brief, written by Dalberg Global Development Advisors for the Climate and Development Knowledge Network, outlines design options for the Green Climate Fund's (GCF) MSME Program. It identifies barriers preventing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries from accessing climate finance and proposes solutions across enabling environments, knowledge gaps, and financial product design to increase private sector involvement in climate action.

This policy brief, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network in September 2015, outlines a strategic resource mobilisation approach for National Climate Change Funds (NCCFs). Based on a study by Dalberg Global Development Advisors involving 30 interviews and a literature review, the document identifies why NCCFs have historically struggled to attract capital and proposes a three-pillar framework—vision and strategy, institutional capacity, and systematic investor engagement—to improve their financial sustainability.

This report, commissioned by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network and drafted by Dalberg Global Development Advisors, provides design options for the Green Climate Fund's (GCF) MSME Program. It identifies barriers preventing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries from accessing climate finance and proposes solutions across policy, knowledge, and financial product design. The report emphasizes the need for intermediaries to deliver finance efficiently and suggests a pilot phase to test these approaches before full-scale implementation.

This research paper by the NewClimate Institute defines results-based financing (RBF) and explores its application within climate policy, specifically focusing on the potential synergies between carbon markets and non-market climate finance approaches.

This discussion document outlines South Africa's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) as of August 2015, detailing the country's planned approach to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The document emphasizes a 'peak, plateau and decline' emissions trajectory and stresses that climate action must be balanced with the national priority of eliminating poverty and inequality by 2030.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative describes three analytical tools designed to help low and middle-income countries and their partners redirect land-use finance toward climate mitigation and adaptation. The tools aim to address the gap between the hundreds of billions spent on business-as-usual land use and the relatively small amount of finance currently dedicated to green activities.

This report by Dalberg Global Development Advisors, commissioned by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), evaluates the resource mobilisation strategies and sustainability of National Climate Change Funds (NCCFs). It defines NCCFs as national-level entities that collect and channel climate finance to mitigation and adaptation projects. The report identifies significant funding gaps in developing countries, analyzes the performance of 13 operational NCCFs across Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and provides a best-practice handbook for NCCFs to define their vision, build institutional capacity, and engage investors.

This research paper by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) provides lessons learned from supporting nine developing countries in the preparation of their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) for the UNFCCC. It emphasizes that INDCs should be treated as political statements of ambition rather than purely technical exercises, highlighting the need for inclusive consultation, alignment with national development goals, and clear implementation plans to attract international support.

This policy brief, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) in July 2015, examines the relationship between the ambition level of the 2015 global climate agreement and the ability of countries to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Based on research by HR Wallingford and Metroeconomica, the brief argues that a high-ambition agreement—limiting global warming to 2°C—is essential for eradicating extreme poverty and ensuring sustainable development, whereas a low-ambition agreement would significantly undermine these goals, particularly in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America.