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This report by RMI argues that the United States is well-positioned to lead the next-generation geothermal supply chain by leveraging existing oil and gas expertise, but warns that targeted policy and research are required to avoid bottlenecks and capture economic benefits.

This report by Trend Asia examines the social and environmental risks associated with geothermal energy expansion in Indonesia. While promoted by international financial institutions as a low-carbon climate solution, the document argues that current funding models prioritize corporate financial risk over the resulting water scarcity, pollution, and human rights violations affecting local and indigenous communities.

This report by Trend Asia examines the socio-environmental impacts of geothermal energy expansion in Indonesia, arguing that financial models supported by international financial institutions (IFIs) like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) prioritize corporate de-risking over the rights and livelihoods of local and Indigenous communities.

This case study by RMI examines the financing of the Lionheart project in Germany, a first-of-a-kind industrial facility integrating geothermal power, lithium extraction from brines, and on-site lithium hydroxide production. The document details the €2.2 billion financing package closed in December 2025 and outlines ten financial and operational de-risking strategies used to attract international investors despite geopolitical uncertainty and volatile lithium prices.

This report by Ember analyzes the evolving potential of geothermal electricity in Europe, highlighting how technological advances in drilling and reservoir engineering are making geothermal a cost-competitive, firm, low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels. It emphasizes that while Europe pioneered many of these technologies, it now risks losing its leadership to the US and Canada due to a lack of coordinated EU-level policy and investment frameworks.

A joint statement from eight non-governmental organizations expressing support for the Geothermal Sustainable Development Pact and its associated Principles for Responsible Geothermal Development to guide the deployment of next-generation geothermal technologies.

This report examines the potential for Direct Air Capture (DAC) and other carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies in Africa, with a particular focus on Kenya and the East African Rift region. It highlights the region's competitive advantages in geothermal energy and basaltic rock formations for permanent carbon storage, while outlining the technological, financial, and regulatory innovations needed to scale these systems.

This report by Global Energy Monitor analyzes the growth potential of geothermal power in the United States under the Trump administration. It highlights how bipartisan support, technological advancements in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), and streamlined permitting are positioning geothermal energy for rapid expansion, particularly to meet the 24/7 power demands of AI data centers, even as other renewables like wind and solar face political headwinds.

This briefing by Global Energy Monitor examines the growth potential of geothermal power in the United States under the Trump administration, noting that while wind and solar face challenges, geothermal energy has bipartisan support and technological advancements that position it for rapid expansion.

This case study describes Octavia Carbon, a Kenya-based startup utilizing Direct Air Carbon Capture (DACC) technology to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. The company leverages Kenya's geothermal energy and basaltic rock geology to reduce the costs associated with carbon sequestration and industrial CO2 production.

This case study details the transition of the Euclid Avenue United Methodist Church in Oak Park, Illinois, toward net-zero energy through a series of phased upgrades. Starting in 2011, the church replaced an inefficient gas boiler with a geothermal heat pump system, followed by the installation of rooftop solar panels in 2014, LED lighting upgrades in 2020, and a subscription to a community solar farm in 2021.

The Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary in Indiana has implemented a series of energy efficiency and clean energy initiatives over two decades to align its campus with its 'creation care' philosophy. These efforts include the construction of a LEED Gold-certified library using geothermal heating and cooling, the installation of two solar arrays, and comprehensive energy retrofits of existing buildings, resulting in a significant reduction in annual energy consumption between 2013 and 2022.

This briefing discusses how hybrid clean energy systems—combining local renewable resources like solar with baseload resources like geothermal—can address energy and climate injustices in marginalized communities. It highlights the disproportionate impact of extreme heat and aging gas infrastructure on low-income communities of color and evaluates policy interventions and technical models, such as a geothermal pilot in Massachusetts, to improve energy security and resilience.

This case study by RMI examines how developers in Colorado are implementing all-electric, affordable housing projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower long-term costs, and improve resident health. Through examples like Oxford Vista, Kestrel, and 30 Pearl Street, the document demonstrates that avoiding fossil fuel infrastructure can offset higher upfront costs for electric systems, providing a scalable model for sustainable urban development.

This policy briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines energy policy developments in Indonesia as of February 2021, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on macroeconomic indicators, fuel subsidies, the coal sector, and renewable energy progress.

A Green Bond Fact Sheet for Mercury NZ Ltd detailing a NZD 200 million green bond issued on September 14, 2020, to fund wind and geothermal energy assets.

This case study compendium by Natural Justice examines human rights violations associated with green energy projects in Africa, arguing that the 'just' component of the Just Energy Transition is often neglected. Through examples in South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, and Senegal, the document highlights systemic failures in public participation, land rights protections, and environmental safeguards, providing policy recommendations to center human and environmental rights in the energy transition.

This research paper by the NewClimate Institute compares geothermal and coal power generation in Kenya, evaluating their impacts on costs, affordability, reliability, and sustainable development. The study finds that geothermal energy is significantly more cost-effective, creates more domestic employment, and has far lower environmental and health impacts than the proposed coal plants in Lamu and Kitui.

This book chapter examines the roles of geothermal energy and the charcoal sector within Kenya's low-carbon transition and its goal to reach middle-income status by 2030.

Reykjavik Energy issued a USD 29 million (ISK 3,528 million) green bond on February 18, 2019, with a 36-year tenor. The funds are earmarked for eight categories, primarily renewable energy, energy distribution, and water management. This issuance is the first in Iceland for 2019 and the third overall in the country.