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The fact sheet outlines three scenarios: a Baseline scenario (BAS) where business-as-usual leads to a 98% likelihood of temperatures increasing by more than 2°C; a Basic Energy Access scenario (BEA) that provides basic energy for all while limiting global GHG emissions to 1,300 Gt CO2; and a Shared Development Agenda scenario (SDA) which aims for a more balanced global income distribution with per capita incomes of at least $10,000 for all nations by 2050.

The document defines a just energy transition (TEJ) as a series of changes in energy planning, generation, distribution, and consumption aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring equity and inclusion. It highlights Latin America's potential as a global leader in renewable energy due to its natural resources and strategic minerals. The text argues that the TEJ must be a long-term state priority rather than a government one, requiring public policies that foster community participation, social and environmental safeguards, and the diversification of energy sources and local economic activities to ensure no one is left behind.

The fact sheet emphasizes that a just energy transition must be measured by transformed lives rather than megawatts. It highlights critical gaps in Latin America, including the persistence of energy poverty, a significant imbalance between fossil fuel and renewable energy employment, and the prevalence of socio-environmental conflicts. The document calls for COP 30 to establish binding citizen participation mechanisms and policies for workforce reconversion to prevent deepening social and territorial inequalities.

The document uses a System Dynamics simulation model to project the Colombian vehicle fleet's evolution from 2025 to 2050. It finds that while annual GNV consumption is projected to decrease by approximately 43% by 2050, the fuel will not disappear on its own due to systemic inertia and the gradual replacement of vehicles. The analysis highlights that traditional buses may actually see an increase in GNV vehicles due to decentralized decision-making and high initial costs of electric alternatives. Cumulatively, the transport sector would demand over 40 billion cubic meters of GNV and emit more than 70 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2050, which represents a significant portion of Colombia's NDC 3.0 commitments. The brief concludes that maintaining GNV demand creates a financial burden of over 200 trillion constant pesos and pressures limited national gas reserves, suggesting that a clear public direction toward zero-emission technologies is necessary to avoid long-term fossil fuel lock-in.

The document uses a departmental input-output model to project that Colombia could lose up to 448,000 jobs by 2035 due to decreased coal, oil, and gas production. It highlights a significant disparity in impact: 'Vulnerable' departments (Arauca, Casanare, Cesar, La Guajira, and Meta) face severe production drops (32%-38%) and job losses that cannot be offset by renewable energy projects alone. While 'Large Economies' and 'Limited Affectation' departments also face job losses due to interdepartmental linkages, they possess higher potential for compensation through structural changes in agro-industry and nature tourism. The brief argues that a 'just transition' requires a structural economic shift, specifically proposing the creation of food manufacturing clusters and local-content requirements for renewable energy imports to maximize domestic employment.

The document examines the risk of 'stranded assets'—assets that lose economic value before the end of their useful life—driven by climate regulations and the global transition to low-carbon economies. It highlights that Latin America, despite low emissions, holds significant fossil fuel reserves that may become unexploitable to meet the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C target. For Colombia, the risk is acute due to a high economic dependence on oil, gas, and coal exports. The report provides a qualitative framework for investors to identify these risks and points toward renewable energy, specifically solar photovoltaics and wind, as profitable alternatives.

The document identifies critical bottlenecks in Colombia's energy transition, specifically in transmission infrastructure and licensing, which cause project delays of three to six years. It argues that while capital is available, there is a shortage of bankable, large-scale projects. To bridge a projected annual investment gap of 27.7 billion COP (approximately 7.5 billion USD) in clean energy for 2026-2030, the report recommends utilizing blended finance, asset securitization, and a dedicated economic transition fund to support regions dependent on fossil fuels, where 448,000 jobs are at risk by 2035.

The report argues that MDBs fail to deliver genuine climate finance due to flawed accounting methodologies that allow fossil fuel-related projects, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and waste-to-energy incineration, to be counted as climate action. It highlights a systemic bias toward mitigation over adaptation and a preference for loans over grants, which exacerbates debt in the Global South. Specific analysis of the AIIB and ADB reveals transparency gaps, the inclusion of high-emitting projects in climate portfolios, and a failure to integrate gender equality and human rights into climate finance principles.

The document details the environmental and economic damages in California resulting from climate change, focusing on sea level rise, drought, public health risks, wildfires, and ecosystem decline.

The document details how fossil fuel companies, including Exxon and Shell, and the American Petroleum Institute (API) knew about the risks of global warming as early as the late 1970s but chose to implement campaigns of disinformation. It highlights internal documents and public contradictions, such as the API's 1998 'Global Climate Science Communications Plan' and public denials by Exxon CEO Lee Raymond, to argue for corporate accountability for climate-related harms.

The document advocates for immediate action to combat climate change using existing technologies. It identifies fossil fuel combustion and deforestation as the primary drivers of CO2 increase and proposes five 'common sense' solutions: increasing vehicle fuel efficiency, modernizing the electricity system with renewables, improving energy efficiency in buildings, protecting forests, and increasing federal R&D for clean energy. It emphasizes that these steps would reduce emissions while saving consumers money and enhancing energy security.

The analysis finds that despite high-level green objectives, the vast majority of Chinese BRI investments in energy and transportation from 2014 to 2017 were tied to fossil fuels and traditional infrastructure. While private Chinese enterprises showed a higher preference for renewables, state-owned enterprises and major banks remained focused on carbon-intensive sectors. The report argues that aligning BRI special funds with NDCs could catalyze significant low-carbon development, provided that BRI countries improve the quantitative granularity of their NDCs to better signal investment needs to market actors.

The document introduces 'Switching to Green', a resource for office- and retail-based organizations in the United States to procure renewable energy. It notes that over 70 percent of US electricity is generated from fossil fuels, causing significant air and carbon pollution, and aims to simplify the procurement process for companies without an energy background.

The document proposes a federal carbon tax on the carbon content of oil, coal, and natural gas as an efficient fiscal tool for the United States. It suggests that such a tax would be easy to administer, covering 82 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by targeting approximately 2,000 entities. The brief highlights the potential for significant revenue generation—citing a CBO estimate of $208 billion over ten years from a tax rising from $12 to $17 per metric ton—which could be used to offset inefficient taxes on labor and investment. Ultimately, the authors argue that a gradual, market-based federal tax would provide the necessary incentives to reduce emissions and improve long-term energy security with minimal economic disruption.

In 2006, the Southeast region's energy consumption was approximately 80 percent dependent on fossil fuels, which was slightly lower than the national average of 85 percent. The regional mix was characterized by higher proportions of coal and nuclear energy and a lower proportion of natural gas relative to the national average.

The document analyzes China's domestic monitoring of climate policies, specifically those aimed at reducing energy use growth and fossil fuel dependence, to inform the international community's approach to measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) under the Bali Action Plan.

The document identifies four U.S. federal tax expenditures, each causing an annual revenue loss exceeding $1 billion, that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions by promoting fossil fuel use. These include the expensing of exploration and development costs, percentage depletion, the alternative fuel production credit, and the exemption of qualified parking expenses. While removing these provisions would improve economic efficiency and reduce the budget deficit, the author notes that the resulting impact on greenhouse gas emissions would be small, meaning such reforms must be part of a larger climate strategy.

The analysis finds that green investments generally create more jobs per US$1 million than unsustainable investments, with ecosystem restoration and building efficiency showing the highest relative gains. However, the paper notes that job quality varies, with informality being a challenge in developing countries and lower wages/benefits compared to unionized traditional sectors in developed countries.

The document describes eutrophication as a growing environmental crisis, noting that over 500 coastal areas are impacted and dead zones increased from 10 cases in 1960 to 405 in 2008. It attributes this trend to human activities, specifically wastewater, agriculture, and nitrogen deposition from fossil fuel combustion. The brief predicts that eutrophication will continue to increase, particularly in the developing world, driven by a projected population of 9.2 billion by 2050, a 54 percent expected increase in global meat consumption between 2002 and 2030, and a 50 percent projected growth in energy consumption from 2005 to 2030.

The document advocates for the adoption of Material Flow Accounts (MFA) as a tool for managing environmental policy challenges, such as tracking pollutants and prioritizing policy interventions. It describes a pilot MFA database developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) that tracks over 190 commodities across five resource sectors in the U.S. economy, with the ultimate goal of transitioning the compilation of these accounts to the federal government.