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An event attribution study found that human-induced climate change increased the likelihood of the April 2025 extreme rainfall in the Central Mississippi river valley by approximately 40% and its intensity by 9%, though observational data suggests these increases could be as high as a factor of 2 to 5 in likelihood and 13-26% in intensity. The event caused at least 24 fatalities and estimated economic damages between $80 and $90 billion, with significant agricultural losses in Arkansas. The study highlights that while climate change amplified the event, effective early warnings from the US National Weather Service prevented a larger catastrophe, despite current staffing shortages in NWS field offices.

The IAI and its partners commit to enhancing regional resilience in the Americas by integrating transdisciplinary science into early warning systems for droughts and floods, promoting scientific diplomacy, and ensuring open data exchange to support agriculture, energy, and ecosystem management.

The proposal seeks USD 1,499,987 to address climate vulnerabilities in Paraguay's water sector, which is ranked as the second most vulnerable sector nationally. The project aims to create a comprehensive National Adaptation Plan on Water Resources (NAP WR) by overcoming five key barriers: insufficient integration of climate considerations, limited institutional coordination, poor stakeholder engagement, lack of standardized water data, and limited climate resilience investments. Key activities include developing a governance framework, conducting vulnerability studies in two selected watersheds, creating a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system, and formulating a long-term financing strategy involving the private sector. The project will be implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) over 24 months, with a strong focus on gender equality and the inclusion of Indigenous Peoples.

The document introduces a mathematical model for quantifying the physical and economic impacts of road disruptions, such as flooding and landslides, and assessing the value of nature-based solutions in mitigating these risks. The model incorporates climate forecasts and spatially explicit assessments of ecosystem services to provide a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of resilience investments. It has been piloted in two Indonesian locations and used to train technical staff at the Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS).

The report finds that human-caused climate change significantly increased extreme heat and health risks globally from December 2024 to February 2025. At least 1.8 billion people experienced temperatures at least twice as likely due to climate change every day of the period, with exposure peaking at 3 billion people on February 28, 2025. Africa was particularly affected, with 293 million people experiencing 30 or more 'risky heat days' added by climate change. The analysis also highlights that 110 out of 220 analyzed countries and 287 out of 940 cities saw the average person experience strong climate influence for at least one-third of the season.

A May 2025 survey of 1,040 U.S. adults shows that 69% believe global warming is happening, with 60% attributing it primarily to human causes. While 65% of Americans express worry and 61% feel a personal responsibility to help, social engagement remains low, as 65% rarely or never discuss the issue with family and friends. A majority of respondents perceive global warming as currently harming people in the U.S. and affecting various extreme weather events, including extreme heat (75%) and wildfires (72%). Despite these concerns, 53% disagree that new technologies can solve the problem without significant individual lifestyle changes, and 55% believe individual actions make a difference.

The report introduces an Excel-based model designed to quantify the financial and economic viability of nature-based solutions (NBI), such as reforestation and mangrove restoration, to enhance road resilience against climate-induced hazards like floods and landslides in Indonesia. Moving beyond traditional CBAs, the model incorporates 'non-road benefits'—including socio-economic externalities like mental health, market access for crops and livestock, and air pollution—to provide a holistic view of investment value. The model was piloted in two distinct locations: Pekanbaru (an urban-rural connection) and West Kalimantan (a rural area). Results demonstrate that while conventional CBAs focusing only on road-related costs often show that costs outweigh benefits, the inclusion of non-road benefits makes these investments economically viable in all tested scenarios. For instance, in the Pekanbaru base case, the benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) rose to 11.45 when non-road benefits were included.

The guide explains how climate change influences spring weather, noting that warmer temperatures increase the frequency of large hail and heavy rainfall, while tornado patterns are shifting in location and timing despite complex overall trends.

A case study in Bharatpur, Nepal, identifies dengue fever and skin infections as prevalent infectious diseases, linked to poor waste management and inadequate sanitation. While nature-based solutions like green streets and rainwater harvesting can mitigate hazards by filtering water and reducing temperatures, the study concludes that NBS cannot replace essential urban infrastructure and services to improve public health outcomes.

The report finds that continuing current housing development patterns in Canada could lead to hundreds of thousands of new homes being built in high-hazard flood and wildfire zones by 2030. This trajectory could increase annual flood losses by up to $2 billion and wildfire losses by $1.1 billion. The analysis highlights significant gaps in provincial and territorial land use policies, which often delegate risk management to under-resourced municipalities. It also identifies moral hazards in disaster assistance programs and a critical lack of up-to-date hazard mapping and real estate disclosure. The report recommends that governments implement nationally consistent risk standards, reform disaster aid to deter risky development, and mandate hazard disclosure in real estate transactions to ensure housing affordability is not undermined by climate-driven destruction.

The study identifies drought, floods, and frosts as the primary climatic risks for producers in Pima and Cochise Counties, Arizona. While groundwater use remains a critical adaptation strategy despite rising costs, the utility of seasonal climate forecasts (SCFs) is limited by low risk tolerance and economic uncertainty. Producers instead rely on past experience and short-range forecasts to hedge against risks, suggesting that access to information is not the primary barrier to improved decision-making.

A study of the western Pampas from 2008 to 2013 found that while topography determines absolute water table position and crop choice can partially modulate seasonal fluctuations, inter-annual groundwater dynamics are predominantly driven by climate variability.

The study found that the areal variation of shallow lakes in Argentina's temperate plains between 2002 and 2011 was more dependent on rainfall regime changes linked to ENSO events than on changes in land use intensity.

Climate change in Illinois is manifesting as increased precipitation, rising temperatures, and intensified summer droughts, leading to significant infrastructure damage and public health risks. Since the 20th century, average annual precipitation has risen by 12-15%, while extreme events have increased by 40%, causing frequent flooding and sewage overflows in cities like Chicago. Rising temperatures are most pronounced in winter, with a predicted average increase of up to 9°F by 2100, which threatens agricultural yields—potentially reducing corn yields by 23-34% by mid-century—and necessitates an estimated $6.1 billion for school air conditioning by 2025. Additionally, intensified summer droughts threaten crop yields and river navigation, notably impacting barge transportation on the Mississippi River, while increasing the risk of wildfires and health issues from Canadian wildfire smoke.

The report details how Los Angeles County is affected by severe storms, rising sea levels, temperature extremes, and extreme drought. It highlights that flood risk threatens 27% of buildings in the city of Los Angeles and that the county spent 64% of the last 23 years in drought. The document provides extensive lists of potential costs, including infrastructure projects like seawalls, energy efficiency retrofits, and water treatment updates, while noting that disadvantaged populations are disproportionately exposed to flood risks.

The report details how climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather in Michigan, leading to significant infrastructure damage, public health risks, and economic losses in tourism and agriculture.

The report details how climate change is accelerating in Nevada, leading to increased drought, extreme heat, and erratic precipitation. It outlines the resulting economic burdens, including the costs of wildfire suppression, water conservation efforts to protect Lake Mead, and the need for infrastructure upgrades to mitigate flooding and heat-related health risks.

A Spring 2025 survey of 2,164 Indian adults reveals high levels of concern and personal experience with global warming, with 90% of respondents worried and 89% reporting personal experience of its effects. While a majority believe global warming is human-caused and support a transition to renewable energy, significant knowledge gaps exist regarding specific causes, such as livestock emissions. The report also highlights severe vulnerability, with 64% of households requiring several months to recover from a severe flood and 30% having moved or considered moving due to weather-related disasters.

The report reveals that while 50% of Indians have limited or no knowledge of global warming, 84% believe it is happening after receiving a definition, and 88% are worried about it. There is strong public support for transitioning from coal to renewable energy, with 82% favoring a ban on new coal plants and 86% supporting the national goal of net-zero carbon pollution by 2070. However, significant vulnerabilities persist, as 66% of respondents experience daily electricity disruptions and 43% lacked sufficient clean drinking water at least once in the past year.

Dar es Salaam is one of Africa's fastest-growing cities and Tanzania's economic hub, though it faces significant challenges in infrastructure and governance. While the city's GDP is growing and it leads the country in startups and telecommunications, it is characterized by high levels of informality, with 70% of the population living in informal settlements. Public services such as water, sanitation, and waste management are underperforming, and the city is highly vulnerable to flooding and urban heat. Governance is heavily centralized, with local authorities relying on the national government for approximately 75% to 90% of their revenue, severely limiting their fiscal autonomy and ability to address local needs.