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Derek Cabe describes the devastating impact of super-typhoons in the Philippines and advocates for legal accountability for major fossil fuel corporations. He highlights the findings of the Philippines’ Commission on Human Rights, which linked carbon pollution to human rights violations, and calls for the protection of land and environmental defenders who face violence and 'red-tagging' while opposing coal-fired power plants.

Global Witness predicts that climate disinformation will increase in 2025, driven by extreme weather events, the monetization of climate denial via AdTech and generative AI, and targeted campaigns against climate defenders during COP30 in Brazil. The organization calls for the robust enforcement of the EU's Digital Services Act to hold social media platforms accountable.

The project 'Towards usable climate science' established an interdisciplinary network to provide climate services for sectors sensitive to climate, such as energy, water, agriculture, and health. It developed a consolidated database of meteorological records from 329 weather stations across southern South America, covering the period from 1961 to the present. Key outputs include a regional drought monitoring system with a focus on soil moisture and yield prediction software for soybean, maize, and wheat. In the Argentine Pampas region, the project achieved accurate yield predictions for 14 localities by linking the database with simulation models, providing data useful for estimating insurance indices.

The project identifies that older adults in the City of Buenos Aires are disproportionately vulnerable to extreme heat, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods where infrastructure limitations and power outages reduce coping capacity. Through 634 surveys, focus groups, and geospatial mapping of heat and population density, the project developed an early response pilot plan with differentiated measures for formal and vulnerable urban areas. Key findings highlight a gap between knowledge and practice regarding preventive measures and the critical role of community networks in coping with heat.

The document outlines the vulnerability of South Africa's agricultural sector to climate change, highlighting risks such as increased temperatures, water scarcity, and extreme weather events. It details the specific threats to livestock, crops, and biodiversity, particularly in the eastern Mpumalanga and Limpopo regions and the Highveld. The report emphasizes that small-scale and subsistence farmers, women, children, and the elderly are most at risk. To address these challenges, it advocates for a transition toward agroecology, the redistribution of land and water, and the protection of grasslands and forests to maintain carbon sinks and ecosystem services.

The French Nat-Cat scheme, a public-private partnership, is facing instability as the public reinsurer (CCR) absorbs an increasing share of claims, with losses exceeding €3 billion between 2015 and 2024. While policyholders face higher premiums and local authorities struggle to secure coverage in high-risk areas, ten of the largest European insurers and reinsurers have reported record financial performance, with cumulative net income increasing by 60% between 2010 and 2024. Reclaim Finance argues that the current burden-sharing is unfair and urges public authorities to mobilize these profitable insurers to fund climate disaster prevention and damage compensation.

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of climate change projections for Estonia through 2100 and outlines a strategic adaptation plan to 2030. It identifies key vulnerabilities across eight priority sectors—including health, land use, nature, bioeconomy, economy, society, infrastructure, and energy—and proposes specific goals, metrics, and measures to mitigate risks such as sea-level rise, extreme weather, and ecosystem shifts. The plan estimates a total implementation cost of 43.7 million euros between 2017 and 2030.

The document details the environmental and economic damages in California resulting from climate change, focusing on sea level rise, drought, public health risks, wildfires, and ecosystem decline.

A coalition of climate, conservation, and fiscal responsibility organizations argues that IRA conservation funds should be protected from diversion to commodity and crop insurance programs. The letter asserts that conservation investments provide a positive return for taxpayers, reduce crop insurance costs by mitigating extreme weather impacts, and that diverting these funds would reduce opportunities for farmers across all U.S. states.

The document reports that 2014 was the hottest year on record, continuing a 38-year trend of above-average global temperatures. It highlights that monthly temperatures have remained above average since December 1984 and links this warming trend to manmade greenhouse gas emissions and an increase in costly climate disasters.

Climate change increases human health risks in the U.S. through more intense heat waves, prolonged wildfire seasons, and severe flooding that compromises water quality. Specific examples include the increased likelihood of drought conditions similar to those seen in Texas in 2011 and the lengthening of allergy seasons.

The United States experienced its hottest year on record in 2012, amidst a global trend where each of the last five decades has been the warmest on record. The document highlights the increasing frequency and cost of extreme weather, noting that 2011 and 2012 each saw more billion-dollar disasters than any previous year. Specifically, Hurricane Sandy caused nearly $80 billion in losses for New York and New Jersey, amplified by an 8-inch rise in global sea levels over the last century.

The document identifies Hurricane Sandy as a demonstration of the United States' vulnerability to extreme weather and notes that human-induced warming is increasing the frequency and intensity of events such as heat waves, torrential downpours, and coastal flooding.

The document examines Mongolia's transition from reactive post-disaster funding to a proactive risk management framework for its livestock sector, specifically through the Index-Based Livestock Insurance Project. It details the challenges posed by dzuds—severe winter weather events—and the failure of traditional indemnity insurance. The project utilizes mortality-based index insurance to reduce transaction costs and moral hazard, offering products like Livestock Risk Insurance and Government Catastrophic Coverage. While facing challenges such as cashmere price declines and data collection needs, the project has exceeded adoption targets and attracted international reinsurance, with plans for nationwide coverage by 2012.

The document serves as a manual for journalists to avoid common errors when linking specific weather events to climate change. It details the methodology of 'event attribution studies'—which use climate models to compare the current world with a pre-industrial one—and provides specific guidance on reporting heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires. The guide emphasizes that while climate change increases the probability and intensity of many extremes, it is rarely the sole cause, and local factors like land use and water management often play critical roles in turning a weather event into a disaster.

The document explains the methodology of 'extreme event attribution' to help journalists avoid common errors, such as ignoring climate change or attributing an event to it as a sole cause. It details how scientists use climate models to compare the modern world with a pre-industrial one to determine if an event was more likely or intense due to global warming. The guide provides specific scientific consensus and limitations for heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires, emphasizing that while some connections are robust (e.g., heatwaves), others are more complex and depend on regional data and human vulnerability.

The document serves as a style guide for journalists to avoid common errors when attributing extreme weather to climate change. It explains the methodology of event attribution studies—comparing simulated worlds with and without human influence—and provides specific guidance on reporting heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires. The guide emphasizes that while climate change increases the probability and intensity of many events, it is rarely the sole cause, and social vulnerability often determines whether a weather event becomes a disaster.

The document explains 'event attribution' science, which quantifies how climate change alters the probability and intensity of specific weather events. It provides a detailed breakdown of how climate change affects heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires, while cautioning journalists against common errors such as treating climate change as the sole cause of a disaster or ignoring it entirely. It emphasizes that while some trends are globally consistent (e.g., heatwaves), others are regionally variable or complex (e.g., droughts and snowfall).

The study finds that the July 2019 heatwave in Western Europe was made significantly more likely and intense by human-induced climate change. In France and the Netherlands, the event would have been extremely improbable without human influence, with return periods exceeding 1,000 years. Across all analyzed locations, the heatwave was 1.5 to 3 °C hotter than it would have been in an unchanged climate. The analysis utilized a combination of observational data and eight climate model ensembles, noting that while models generally underestimate temperature trends and overestimate variability, they still simulate large probability changes.

The document explains how 'attribution' studies determine if global warming increased the likelihood or intensity of a specific extreme weather event. It warns journalists against three common errors: ignoring climate change, claiming it caused an event without evidence, or treating it as the sole cause. The guide provides specific findings for heatwaves, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy snowfall, droughts, and wildfires, noting that while heatwaves are globally linked to warming, other phenomena like droughts and floods vary significantly by region.