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This policy brief examines the 1973 Lokiriama Peace Accord, an unwritten indigenous agreement between the Turkana of Kenya and the Matheniko of Uganda. The author argues that this community-centred, culturally sensitive approach to conflict resolution is more durable than modern, state-led interventions, which often focus on punishment rather than reconciliation. The document recommends that governments in the Karamoja Cluster integrate traditional governance structures into their peacebuilding strategies to address persistent intercommunal violence and the impacts of climate change.

The Peace and Security Council (PSC) Report Issue 79 analyzes several African security crises, including institutional instability in Guinea-Bissau, the military approach to al-Shabaab in Somalia, contested elections in Chad and the Republic of Congo, and the AU's diplomatic efforts in Burundi. It also features an interview with Ambassador Frederic Ngoga Gateretse on early warning systems and structural conflict prevention.

This 2002 situation report by the Institute for Security Studies provides a detailed overview of refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) populations across Africa. It defines the legal distinctions between refugees and IDPs, provides statistical data on populations of concern to the UNHCR as of 2000/2001, and analyzes regional trends in displacement driven by conflict, drought, and economic decline.

The Youth Emergency Guide is a resource co-developed by young people aged 13-25 in South Africa, in partnership with UNICEF and the South African Institute of International Affairs (Youth@SAIIA). It provides a framework for children and youth to identify risks, develop emergency plans, and build social resilience to better respond to and prevent disasters, specifically focusing on climate-related hazards, health crises, and civil unrest.

This guide, developed by UNICEF and the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) in collaboration with South African youth aged 13 to 25, provides a framework for young people to prepare for and respond to emergency situations. It focuses on building community resilience, identifying hazards, creating emergency plans, and navigating the recovery process following disasters such as floods, fires, and civil unrest.

This policy brief compares the macroeconomic resilience of Senegal and Mali between 2000 and 2022, analyzing their responses to various domestic and global shocks. It finds that while both countries utilized fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate impacts, Mali experienced more frequent internal shocks due to security and climatic vulnerabilities. The authors propose a transition toward counter-cyclical policies and structural reforms in trade, industry, human capital, and governance to build long-term resilience.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute describes a methodology for ranking 180 countries and 200 major river basins based on their exposure to water-related risks, using weighted aggregations of localized data from the Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas.

This research paper examines climate change vulnerability and adaptation in Sudan, highlighting the critical dependence of food security on erratic rainfall. It predicts significant declines in millet and sorghum yields in the Kordofan Region by 2060 and warns of increased malaria risks and water crises. The authors argue that while the Environmental Protection Act of 2001 and the National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) provide frameworks, effective adaptation requires moving away from top-down, sectorial planning toward integrated national planning, land tenure reform, and the establishment of a national early warning system.

This case study examines the response of the state of Acre, Brazil, to severe droughts and wildfires in 2005 and 2010. It details the implementation of a centralized 'situation room' to coordinate fire-fighting efforts using satellite data and technical expertise, while analyzing the environmental impacts, policy interventions, and systemic barriers to fire control in the western Amazon.

This WWF South Africa fact sheet examines the role of desalination as a water source for Cape Town and South Africa, detailing the technical requirements, costs, and environmental impacts of the process.

This fact sheet by WWF South Africa examines water crises in several global cities to provide insights for Cape Town. It details the causes of water stress—ranging from lack of planning and infrastructure decay to climate-driven droughts—and evaluates the effectiveness of short-term responses versus long-term resilience strategies like demand management and supply diversification.

This fact sheet by WWF South Africa describes the Table Mountain Water Source Partnership, a multi-stakeholder initiative formed in 2020 to manage groundwater and enhance water security in Cape Town following a severe drought from 2017 to 2020.

The uMhlathuze Water Stewardship Partnership (UWASP) is a multi-stakeholder platform established following a severe drought in 2016 to improve water security and sustainable management of ecological infrastructure in the uMhlathuze catchment of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The partnership coordinates businesses, civil society, and local government to address risks such as water scarcity, deteriorating infrastructure, and increasing demand from urban and industrial sectors.

This fact sheet from WWF South Africa explains the concept of 'Day Zero' in the context of a severe drought in the Western Cape, detailing the triggers for this state, the resulting restrictions on water access, and practical measures for residents to reduce water consumption.