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The document examines how Taiwan can engage with international carbon markets despite not being a party to the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol. It analyzes formal eligibility requirements and material 'market readiness' conditions across various systems, including the EU ETS, RGGI, WCI, and others. The study suggests that while formal treaty-based access is restricted, Taiwan can utilize indirect participation, bilateral cooperation, and the development of a robust domestic cap-and-trade system with absolute targets to facilitate future linkage.

The document identifies a significant disconnect between climate adaptation research and its application in policy and practice within the Nordic region. It argues that traditional systemic approaches ignore 'agency' and the operational realities of stakeholders. To address this, the authors introduce an actor-oriented framework—implemented through the NORD-STAR project—that integrates modelling, visualisation, and policy analysis across thematic areas like land-use, energy transitions, and finance. Crucially, the framework expands the definition of adaptation to include responses to the consequences of climate policy, not just climate impacts.

The National Climate Change Action Plan 2013-2017 provides a strategic roadmap for Kenya to reduce its vulnerability to climate change while maintaining low greenhouse gas emissions. It identifies priority actions across sectors such as agriculture, energy, forestry, and transport, and proposes the establishment of a National Climate Change Council and a Kenya Climate Fund to coordinate governance and finance. The plan emphasizes a 'low carbon climate resilient development pathway' that aligns with Kenya Vision 2030, estimating total investment requirements at approximately KSh 1,085 billion (USD 12.76 billion) for the five-year period.

The report identifies six audience segments in the US—the Alarmed, Concerned, Cautious, Disengaged, Doubtful, and Dismissive—and tracks their evolution from 2008 to 2012. It finds that 70% of the public (Alarmed, Concerned, and Cautious) believe global warming is a real threat. While there is broad support for increasing renewable energy and eliminating fossil fuel subsidies, perceptions of political influence are skewed, with most segments believing campaign contributors and fossil fuel companies have the most power over elected officials.

The report finds that a majority of US registered voters (58%) consider a candidate's position on global warming when voting. Support for climate action and renewable energy is high across party lines, with Independents closely resembling Democrats in their views. While carbon tax support depends on how revenue is used, there is broad support for regulating carbon dioxide and increasing renewable energy research.

The report finds that concern about global warming and support for renewable energy are high across Democratic, Independent, and Republican voters, suggesting a political opportunity for candidates to take pro-climate stands. A majority of registered voters consider a candidate's position on global warming when voting, and there is broad support for eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and increasing renewable energy research.

The analysis argues that the Keystone XL pipeline's impact on global GHG emissions may be significantly higher than previously estimated if it increases global oil supply and lowers prices, which in turn stimulates demand. The authors model three scenarios regarding whether oil sands production would reach the market via alternative transport if the pipeline were rejected. In the case where no oil would otherwise reach the market, the study finds that global oil use could increase by up to 510,000 barrels per day, leading to an annual increase in GHG emissions of up to 93 million tCO2e. This potential increase is four to five times greater than the emissions resulting from simply displacing average crude with oil-sands crude and represents roughly 10% of the U.S. government's pledged emission reductions for 2020.

The analysis finds that while immediate CCS installation can increase the cost of electricity (COE) by 24% to 36%, a phased approach—delaying full installation by 10 years—can reduce this premium to 13% to 19%. The lowest cost scenario is achieved when captured CO2 is sold for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

A survey of 2,034 American adults found an average annual willingness-to-pay (WTP) of $79 to $89 to reduce domestic greenhouse-gas emissions by 17 percent by 2020. The study found that mean WTP does not vary significantly between cap-and-trade, carbon taxes, or GHG regulations, although sociodemographic factors and beliefs about global warming influence individual WTP levels.

The document argues that REDD+ safeguard information systems (SIS) do not necessarily require the creation of new mechanisms or indicators, as they can be built upon existing national and international reporting architectures. It highlights research conducted across eight existing systems and early actions in five specific countries to identify lessons for ensuring transparency, consistency, and accessibility in safeguard reporting.

The report identifies a shift in public opinion between 2010 and 2012, with the 'Alarmed' segment growing from 10 percent to 16 percent and the 'Dismissive' segment shrinking from 16 percent to 8 percent. Across most segments, improved public health, reduced foreign oil dependence, and green job creation are viewed as top benefits of reducing fossil fuel use, while increased government regulation and higher energy prices are seen as the primary drawbacks. While majorities across all six groups support increasing renewable energy use, support for a carbon tax varies based on the proposal's specific benefits. Additionally, most segments believe that campaign contributors and the fossil fuel industry exert more influence over elected officials than citizens with shared views.

The paper analyzes the evolution of energy and climate change economics, noting a massive increase in research output since 2005. While quantity has surged, the author suggests a potential relative decline in originality compared to the 1990s.

The report finds that while many Indians observe unpredictable weather and feel vulnerable to droughts and floods, initial awareness of 'global warming' is low. However, after receiving a definition, a majority believe it is happening and human-caused. There is significant support for national education programs and policies to reduce fuel, water, and energy waste, even at an economic cost, with scientists being the most trusted information source.

The report tracks the stability and shifts of the 'Six Americas' segments, noting a decrease in the 'Disengaged' and an increase in the 'Cautious'. It details varying levels of belief in global warming's impact on US weather, trust in political figures, and support for a revenue-neutral tax swap on fossil fuels across these groups.

The document examines the risk posed by a projected surplus of up to 13 billion Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) that could be carried over into a second Kyoto Protocol commitment period. It argues that without restrictions, this surplus could eliminate additional emissions reductions and threaten the goal of limiting global warming to 2°C, thereby undermining the viability of the global climate deal planned for 2020.

The Sao Paulo State Government has integrated sustainability into its public procurement through the Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) Program, utilizing electronic tools like the BEC/SP and the Socio-Environmental Label to influence the purchase of goods and services. The program emphasizes the internal preparatory phase of procurement, incorporating socio-environmental criteria into technical specifications and catalogs. While the state has achieved significant economic savings through electronic reverse auctions and increased the use of sustainable goods, challenges remain in contract monitoring, life cycle analysis, and the integration of construction works into the SPP framework.

The Government of the State of Sao Paulo has integrated sustainability into its public procurement through a combination of electronic systems, a socio-environmental labeling system, and specialized training for public servants. The program emphasizes the use of standardized technical specifications for goods and services to ensure sustainability without compromising the transparency and efficiency of electronic reverse auctions. While the state has seen an increase in the purchase of labeled green goods and has successfully implemented timber legality controls, challenges remain in applying these standards to complex construction works and conducting full life cycle analyses of products.

The Baseline Report provides a current snapshot of Rwanda and its planned initiatives within the context of climate change to support the future creation of a National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Development. It covers a broad range of sectors including climate policy, economy, trade, industry, energy, mining, transport, cities, the built environment, agriculture, land, water, and forestry.

The report is a joint product of the Southern Voices capacity building programme, incorporating experiences from over 20 climate networks and their member organisations. It provides case studies and policy analyses regarding civil society advocacy on climate change across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific to share lessons and recommendations for advocates.

The Union of Concerned Scientists explains its analysis of 28 S&P 500 companies, finding that half misrepresented climate science in public communications despite expressing general concern about climate change. The document highlights the contradiction between corporate public images and their indirect actions, such as funding anti-climate science members of Congress or trade groups. It argues that current disclosure requirements are insufficient to hold corporations accountable for their influence on national and state-level climate policy, including efforts to undercut wind energy and roll back renewable energy laws.