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The We Mean Business Coalition asserts that the Paris Agreement has created a shared global framework that made climate policy investible, leading to a surge in clean energy investment and the growth of renewables. Despite progress, such as renewables supplying nearly a third of global electricity and clean-energy investment surpassing $2 trillion in 2024, the document warns that overall ambition remains insufficient. It calls for governments to redirect fossil-fuel subsidies toward clean investment, reform energy markets, and deliver more credible Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by COP30 to ensure a stable economic and climatic future.

The report finds that 27 countries have set national offshore wind targets, with global capacity projected to almost triple from 83 GW in 2024 to 238 GW by 2030. While targets have driven market growth, many countries are expected to miss their 2030 goals due to cost inflation, supply chain pressures, and permitting delays. The analysis highlights a significant gap between current projections and the 413 GW required by 2030 to align with the UAE consensus for tripling renewable capacity.

The document analyzes Nigeria's climate policy through four 'policy moments', highlighting a persistent struggle with institutional overlap and fragmented governance. It examines how internal competition between bodies like the National Council on Climate Change (NCCC) and the Office of the Special Presidential Envoy on Climate (OSPEC) dilutes Nigeria's international bargaining power. The paper also discusses the impact of global energy market shifts, the divestment of onshore assets by International Oil Companies (IOCs), and the challenges of removing fuel subsidies. It concludes that Nigeria must move away from transplanting foreign institutional models and instead develop a domestically driven, streamlined framework that integrates the petroleum sector into its climate goals.

Nigeria's climate agenda is hampered by overlapping institutions and a lack of elite consensus, which diminishes its bargaining power internationally. While the Tinubu administration has attempted to centralize governance through the Office of the Special Presidential Envoy on Climate (OSPEC) and the Presidential Climate Action Committee (PCAC), these moves risk further fragmentation by sidelining statutory bodies like the National Council on Climate Change (NCCC). Externally, Nigeria faces declining oil exports to China and India and increased competition from the US in European markets, intensifying the need for a successful energy transition. The report highlights a trend of International Oil Companies (IOCs) divesting from onshore assets due to regulatory instability, while noting that agile local firms are better positioned to navigate domestic complexities.

The author argues that as more jurisdictions implement border carbon adjustments (BCAs), the lack of harmonized standards for measuring, reporting, and verifying emissions could create a "trade-restrictive, costly mess." While full harmonization is deemed unrealistic due to differing national economic and political realities, the document proposes "interoperability" as a viable alternative. This approach would involve splitting emissions accounting into discrete modules, harmonizing basic reporting information, and mutually recognizing accredited verifiers. The author suggests that existing forums like the OECD's Inclusive Forum for Carbon Mitigation Approaches and the Climate Club are appropriate venues for this coordination, warning that interoperability will be harder to achieve once multiple regimes are fully operational.

The document argues that while North-South just energy transition partnerships are innovative, they are limited by issues of financing, local ownership, and equity. South-South cooperation (SSC) is presented as a complementary approach that can foster peer learning and context-specific, justice-centred solutions focusing on energy access, job creation, and socio-political inclusion. The brief highlights South Africa and Colombia as examples of countries facing transition challenges with untapped potential for cooperation in mine closure, green industrialization, and community benefit-sharing.

The We Mean Business Coalition and BSR propose five key policy areas—governance, workforce skills, stakeholder engagement, financing, and monitoring—to reduce investment risk and provide the clarity needed for multinational businesses to implement fair and inclusive climate action.

The South African Climate Finance Landscape 2025 reports an annual average of ZAR 188.3 billion in climate finance for 2022-2023, dominated by energy mitigation (74.1%). While flows have increased since previous tracking periods, they remain below the estimated ZAR 499 billion per year needed to meet NDC and net-zero targets. Adaptation finance is significantly lagging at 11.3% of total flows, and just transition-aligned investment remains modest at ZAR 16.0 billion annually. The landscape is characterized by a strong domestic financial sector, with nearly 60% of flows originating domestically, while international finance is primarily driven by public sources and the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP).

The Gender Action Plan for the PrAda 2+ project in Madagascar identifies systemic gender inequalities in the agricultural sector and outlines specific interventions to empower women and female-headed households. The plan addresses barriers such as 'time poverty', limited access to capital, and entrenched social norms through targeted training, gender-responsive financial products, and the promotion of women in leadership roles within agricultural value chains. It includes a detailed matrix of 33 actions with specific targets, such as achieving 30% female participation in climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) training and establishing 20 women-only Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs).

The report assesses gender disparities across five African nations to inform the investment strategy of the $200m Novastar Ventures Africa People and Planet Fund III (NV III). It identifies pervasive gender-based violence, gaps in STEM education, and the disproportionate impact of climate change on women in agriculture and informal employment. To address these, NV III commits to the 2x Criteria, targeting specific gender quotas for employees, management, consumers, and suppliers within its portfolio companies, while implementing a Gender Lens Investment Policy.

The assessment examines how patriarchal norms, limited resource access, and climate change intersect to increase the vulnerability of women, adolescents, and youth in rural Zimbabwe. It identifies systemic barriers to green jobs and climate resilience, including time poverty due to unpaid care work, limited land ownership, and high rates of gender-based violence. The report concludes with a framework to mitigate GESI risks and ensure equitable access to project benefits.

The report assesses gender-specific vulnerabilities and capacities in Cambodia to ensure the LGCC-3 project effectively supports women and marginalized groups. It identifies deep-seated patriarchal norms, limited land rights, and financial exclusion as key drivers of women's disproportionate susceptibility to climate change. The document proposes a Gender Action Plan (GAP) that includes gender-specific investment criteria for performance-based climate-resilient grants (PBCRG), mandatory gender-responsive safeguards, and a survivor-centric grievance redress mechanism to prevent sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment (SEAH).

The Gender Action Plan for project SAP060 in southern Iraq establishes a framework to integrate gender equality into climate-resilient agricultural development. The plan targets a minimum of 40% female participation across project beneficiaries and technical staff, focusing on reducing the disproportionate impact of climate change on women. Key interventions include providing efficient irrigation equipment, solar pumps, and rooftop water harvesting systems to women-headed households, as well as supporting income-generating activities such as apiculture and date-palm processing. The project also aims to strengthen the capacity of female government staff and civil society organizations to provide climate-resilient support services. To overcome socio-cultural barriers, the plan mandates women-only training sessions facilitated by women in safe locations.

The Gender Action Plan for the BEACON INDIA programme aims to integrate gender-transformative initiatives into the climate innovation ecosystem in India. Central to this is the 'Gender Inclusion Track,' which provides customized capacity building, mentorship, and pre-incubation services for women entrepreneurs, including those from vulnerable rural communities. The plan establishes specific targets for women-led ventures, such as aiming for 15-20% of incubated startups to be women-led and 10-15% of those receiving early-stage funding. To ensure implementation, the programme employs a dual oversight structure consisting of a Gender Oversight Team of external experts and a dedicated female Senior staff member as the Gender Focal Point within the Project Management Unit. The plan also emphasizes the prevention of Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Harassment (SEAH), targeting 100% orientation for all startups.

A coalition of NGOs denounces TotalEnergies' plan to restart the $20 billion Mozambique LNG project, citing a 'deep contempt' for local communities and the environment. The organizations highlight that the project's resumption is contingent on the Mozambican government approving a revised budget that includes $4.5 billion in additional costs incurred during the force majeure period. The statement further alleges severe human rights abuses, including the 'container massacre' and torture of civilians, and calls on financial institutions—including Crédit Agricole, Société Générale, and various export credit agencies—to withdraw their support.

A coalition of civil society organisations condemns TotalEnergies' plan to restart the USD 20 billion Mozambique LNG project. The organisations highlight that the restart is conditional on the Mozambican government approving a revised budget that includes USD 4.5 billion in incremental costs incurred during the force majeure period. The statement warns that the project's 'fortress' security model increases the vulnerability of local populations to an ongoing regional insurgency and recalls allegations of serious human rights abuses, including the 'container massacre' and torture of civilians on the gas site. The coalition calls on financial institutions, including export credit agencies and banks, to withdraw their support for the project due to these environmental, social, and financial risks.

India is positioned as one of the most cost-competitive suppliers of green hydrogen, with a delivered cost to Rotterdam of US$794/t, comparable to Brazil and Chile. To capture a share of the projected 3.4–6 million tons of annual imports by the EU and East Asia by 2030, India must address demand uncertainty, financing, and infrastructure gaps. The report recommends building trade partnerships with the EU, Japan, and South Korea, harmonizing certifications, developing port infrastructure through international investment, expanding demand aggregation models, establishing green shipping corridors to Singapore, Rotterdam, and Busan, and creating dedicated financing mechanisms to de-risk projects.

The document outlines the views of TSOs from Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia regarding EU grid development. While generally supportive of the European Grids Package, these operators express low confidence in EU-level coordination, citing administrative burdens and a perception of Western European dominance in policy shaping. Key barriers identified include outdated infrastructure, regulatory fragmentation, and complex access to EU funding mechanisms like the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF). The TSOs emphasize the need for more practical, inclusive reforms that respect national sovereignty and address specific security risks for countries on the EU's external borders.

The document highlights Indonesia's decision to contribute to the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), a fund initiated by Brazil to raise up to $125 billion for nature conservation. The author describes this as a move away from the historical reliance on 'Global North' funding and urges wealthy nations to invest in the fund to reach the necessary scale, while noting that Indonesia and Brazil must still address internal deforestation drivers.

The document outlines five key strategies to make Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) projects more investable, focusing on risk-sharing through corporate commitments, the use of take-or-pay contracts to attract lenders, and the implementation of robust 'Book and Claim' systems for tracking Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs). It emphasizes the need for cashflow stability for both physical fuel and EACs, and argues that projects delivering higher carbon intensity reductions should be able to capture the value of their innovation through tradability.