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The study finds that in northeast Brazil, specifically among irrigated farmers in Pernambuco during the 2011–2013 drought, adaptation to water scarcity occurred as an unintended consequence of non-climate-focused developments. Key drivers included income diversification through the clothing industry, poverty alleviation programmes under the Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff administrations, and the adoption of efficient irrigation technology originally intended to reduce labour and erosion.

The research examines four case studies in Argentina, Mexico, and the USA to demonstrate how disconnected or neoliberal water policies exacerbate vulnerabilities for less privileged groups in arid regions. It argues that water policies act as key non-climatic factors that can either increase or reduce climate vulnerability depending on their inclusivity and coordination with other resource policies.

The ESMP for Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Park (JDNP) outlines mitigation strategies for four 2025 activities: constructing a Range Office in Laya, restoring a mineral lick at Chuchurpo, reinforcing roofs in storm-prone areas (Soe, Naro, Lingzhi), and installing rainwater harvesting systems in Yaksa and Dula. The plan categorizes the project as 'Category B', meaning impacts are site-specific and reversible. It mandates strict adherence to both Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) laws and WWF's Social Safeguards Integrated Policies and Procedures (SIPP), with the latter prevailing in cases of discrepancy regarding community consultation and compensation for non-title land holders. Key mitigation focuses include waste management, occupational health and safety (OHS) for workers, and stakeholder engagement through consultation meetings and a multi-tiered grievance redressal mechanism involving BFL, WWF, and the Green Climate Fund (GCF).

The document explains that attribution science uses climate models and observational data to compare a world with human-induced warming to a fictional world without greenhouse gas emissions to determine the impact of climate change on specific weather events. It notes that 83% of such studies find a climate link and encourages journalists to explicitly connect these events to fossil fuel use and human vulnerability.

The document explores the intersection of life-course transitions, provisioning systems, and sustainable consumption. It suggests that pivotal life events—such as parenthood or retirement—can serve as 'windows of opportunity' for behavioral change, though their impact is often mediated by the accessibility and cost of physical and social provisioning systems. Using a case study of older adults in Bangkok, the brief highlights that factors like urban planning and financial constraints often outweigh environmental concerns in determining transport choices. It calls for targeted policies that address systemic 'lock-in' and prioritize long-term sustainability across all life stages.

The report finds that while 96% of analyzed National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) mention gender, women are predominantly framed as vulnerable groups (86%) rather than agents of change (16%). It emphasizes the need for gender-responsive processes that ensure equitable participation and outcomes, supported by institutional arrangements, funding, and intersectional analysis. The document highlights specific national examples, such as Rwanda's use of visual storytelling and Argentina's municipal-level gender-disaggregated data, to advance gender-responsive adaptation.

The briefing introduces a three-step framework designed to move adaptation finance beyond simple fund allocation toward achieving equitable outcomes and structural change. It argues that current international funding often fails to reach the most vulnerable populations and frequently ignores the root causes of vulnerability. The framework guides actors through defining their equity goals, selecting guiding principles, and addressing eight specific elements of distributive equity across the project cycle. These elements range from ensuring fair allocation and resource access to more ambitious goals like protecting human rights, addressing intersectionality, and enabling decolonization to dismantle systemic drivers of marginalization.

The report uses a GTAP-E model to find that a USD 100/t carbon levy would generally reduce GDP and household incomes across Africa, increase global food prices, and reduce the supply of maritime services. It highlights that African importers already face disproportionately high freight rates, which a carbon tax would exacerbate. The authors recommend that the IMO implement a redistribution mechanism based on climate vulnerability and historical emissions, providing direct grants for out-of-sector projects like green hydrogen and resilient agriculture.

The project utilized Social Network Analysis and ethnographic exploration to examine the integration of interdisciplinary science and development in the Comahue region. Findings indicate that the project fragmented into model-based prospective studies and community development interventions. The research highlights the critical role of actors with double institutional roles in bridging science and policy, while noting significant communication gaps between social and environmental researchers and a conceptual misalignment regarding the definition of 'vulnerability'.

The report examines how climate change and socio-economic factors drive labour migration and affect children in Southeast Asia, specifically in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Viet Nam. Based on 92 personal stories and expert interviews, it aims to inform policies and interventions by World Vision and other partners to ensure safe and dignified migration that protects the rights and well-being of vulnerable young people in a region highly exposed to natural hazards.

The document unpacks the IPCC's findings on how systemic inequalities—including gender, race, and socio-economic status—increase vulnerability to climate change. It argues that adaptation efforts are more effective and less likely to be maladaptive when they incorporate inclusive participation, diverse knowledge systems, and a focus on climate justice. The brief uses illustrative examples from Africa to demonstrate how marginalized groups, such as Indigenous Peoples and women, experience disproportionate impacts and how community-based, human rights-based approaches can generate social co-benefits.

The document translates the technical findings of the IPCC's Working Group II report into accessible messages, emphasizing that vulnerability to climate change is driven by systemic inequalities. It argues that adaptation efforts are more effective and just when they integrate gender, equity, and justice, and warns that ignoring these factors leads to 'maladaptation'. The briefing advocates for inclusive participation, the integration of indigenous and local knowledge, and a shift toward 'climate-resilient development' that addresses the root causes of vulnerability.

The document distills evidence from the IPCC WGII report to highlight how systemic inequalities increase climate vulnerability and argues that inclusive, justice-based adaptation planning leads to more effective and sustainable outcomes.

The document synthesizes research from the IPCC's Working Group II to highlight how gender, equity, and justice are critical to effective climate adaptation. It identifies highly vulnerable groups—including women, children, indigenous peoples, and persons with disabilities—and argues that ignoring these social dimensions leads to 'maladaptation.' The briefing advocates for inclusive participation, the integration of indigenous and local knowledge, and a rights-based approach to ensure that adaptation efforts are equitable and sustainable.

From June 11-13, 2024, over 290 million people in Northern Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East are forecast to experience extreme heat made at least five times more likely due to human-caused climate change. Maximum temperatures of 40°C or higher are expected in several countries, including Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. The document highlights risks including wildfires in Greece, damage to Bulgaria's rose oil production, and increased vulnerability for refugees in Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria.

The paper examines how the 2020 flooding of Lake Naivasha displaced approximately 500 people in the Kihoto informal settlement. It finds that vulnerability is driven less by environmental factors and more by socio-economic marginalization, including precarious employment in horticulture and tourism, lack of secure land tenure, and a deficiency in official disaster response. The study highlights a 'double tragedy' where flooding coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, eroding long-term resilience and crippling local informal savings groups (chamas). Findings indicate that women aged 18-35 suffered the highest rates of unemployment post-disaster. The authors argue for vulnerability reduction through livelihood diversification, investment in basic infrastructure, and inclusive, co-produced risk governance.

The guide outlines how to incorporate climate adaptation into the four steps of the Dominican Republic's EIA process: request and registration, preliminary analysis, scope definition, and study review. It emphasizes reducing climate risk by addressing exposure, vulnerability, and resilience for both the project and its surrounding bio-physical and socio-economic environments. Key tools include a detailed model for descriptive memories, sector-specific adaptation examples, and a comprehensive checklist for verifying adaptation themes within Environmental Impact Studies (EsIA). The document advocates for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Community-based Adaptation (CbA) while warning against 'maladaptation'—measures that inadvertently increase climate risk or greenhouse gas emissions.

The report identifies agriculture as the most vulnerable sector in the Bekwai Municipality, primarily due to a high dependence on rainfed farming and exposure to flooding from the Odo River. Historical data from 1980-2020 shows an increasing trend in temperatures and wet spell durations. Future projections through 2100 suggest rising annual rainfall (reaching 1,500 mm by 2080) and increased daytime and nighttime temperatures, which are expected to exacerbate flooding, water scarcity, and the prevalence of tropical diseases. The assessment highlights that rural communities are less resilient than urban centers due to a lack of critical functions like health care and disaster evacuation points. Recommended adaptation measures include the introduction of drought-resistant seeds, modern solar-powered irrigation, and improved climate information services.

The assessment identifies the Awaso Zonal Council as the most vulnerable area in the Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai municipality due to high exposure to bushfires and droughts, combined with high sensitivity in agriculture and infrastructure. Agriculture and human health are ranked as the most vulnerable sectors, with rainfall variability and rising temperatures threatening crop yields and increasing disease prevalence. Projections indicate annual rainfall will increase to 1678 mm by 2050, while both day and night temperatures are expected to rise by 1°C by mid-century. The report recommends policy interventions including livelihood diversification, the construction of feeder roads, the implementation of early warning systems, and the promotion of climate-smart agriculture and irrigation.

India faces significant climate vulnerability, with adaptation investment needs estimated between USD 14 billion and USD 67 billion annually for 2015-2030. While the government utilizes a 'co-benefits' approach—integrating adaptation into broader development goals—this makes it difficult to track specific adaptation funding. Analysis of six states' updated State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs) reveals a collective annual investment need of INR 444.7 billion (USD 5.5 billion) for 2021-30. State governments are the primary drivers of adaptation finance, but their capacity is constrained by high debt levels and strict borrowing limits under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act. The report recommends that the 16th Finance Commission include adaptation variables in fund devolution and suggests using Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and blended finance to attract private capital, which is currently limited by data gaps and uncertain returns.