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Niger is a low-income, landlocked country in Western Africa facing severe developmental challenges, ranking 189th out of 191 countries on the 2024 Human Development Index. The country is characterized by extreme heat and rainfall variability, with desertification and climate change increasing vulnerabilities. Politically, Niger has experienced a history of instability, most recently marked by a July 2023 military coup that deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. This shift led to the withdrawal of French and US military forces and Niger's exit from ECOWAS and the G5 Sahel to join the Alliance of Sahel States and the Confederation of Sahel States. Despite seeking new partners like Russia, China, and Türkiye, the security situation remains precarious due to Islamist insurgent activity and internal dissent from groups such as the Patriotic Liberation Front.

The document outlines South Sudan's challenges since its 2011 independence, including persistent political instability, a severe humanitarian crisis, and extreme economic dependence on oil. It highlights the impact of climate variability on agriculture and the country's efforts toward regional integration through the East African Community and the African Union.

The report finds that by mid-century, between USD 300 million and almost USD 1 billion in annual soy trade bound for Europe could be exposed to disruption due to critically low river levels at the ports of Manaus and Santarém. This risk is driven by a combination of climate change and Amazon deforestation, which reduces rainfall and moisture cycling. The analysis highlights that major commodity traders like Cargill, Amaggi, and Bunge face significant financial exposure, and that EU importers are particularly vulnerable given their reliance on Brazilian soy for livestock feed. The document argues that protecting the Amazon forest is essential for maintaining the physical river infrastructure that compliant, deforestation-free supply chains depend on.

The document outlines the health hazards of fossil-fuel power plants, including air pollutants like nitrogen oxides and fine particulate matter, and the broader impacts of climate change. It highlights the economic burden on the healthcare system, specifically in New Brunswick, and calls for a transition to renewable energy to avoid additional strain on public health and budgets.

The Gitanyow people developed the Wilp Sustainability Assessment Process (WSAP) and a corresponding climate test to exercise sovereignty and protect their territory from the shortcomings of colonial environmental impact assessments. Refined in 2023, the climate test uses 13 specific criteria and a scoring grid to assess project performance, including carbon pollution and alignment with the Paris Agreement. The process has been applied to three projects, including the Eskay Creek mine and the Ksi Lisims LNG project, demonstrating a shift toward Indigenous-led impact assessments and legal pluralism in Canada.

The document defines the demographic dividend as the economic opportunity arising from a shift in the ratio of working-age people to dependents. It outlines specific metrics for identifying this window—such as a working-age to dependent ratio of 1.7:1 or a total fertility rate of 2.8 children per woman—and argues that the dividend is not automatic but requires supporting policies in health, education, and governance. Comparing global trajectories, it notes that high-income countries entered this window in 1966, while low-income countries are expected to enter in 2054. The text highlights that Nigeria is projected to reach a 1.7:1 ratio by approximately 2058 and peak around 2092, suggesting a much later and more moderate income growth potential compared to China or India.

The report identifies several disruptive factors that could alter global trajectories, including the potential implosion of major powers like the US or China, the risks of generative AI, and the accelerating biosphere crisis. It highlights Africa's extreme vulnerability to climate change and warns that AI may exacerbate economic inequality and state surveillance. The text also notes a growing divide between the West and the Global South, driven by perceived self-centeredness during the COVID-19 pandemic and differing geopolitical responses to conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza.

The document analyzes four global scenarios—Sustainable World, Growth World, Divided World, and World at War—to project Africa's trajectory by 2050. The Sustainable World scenario is identified as the most beneficial, offering the highest GDP per capita, the lowest extreme poverty rates, and reduced inequality through social grants and gender empowerment. Conversely, the World at War and Divided World scenarios are described as detrimental, constraining growth and increasing poverty. Across all scenarios, carbon emissions from fossil fuels are expected to rise due to low energy availability and population growth. Geopolitically, Africa's influence remains limited by internal fragmentation and low state capacity, though the African Union could potentially increase the continent's 'soft power' if it achieves a unified global voice.

The report finds that while the May 2026 heatwave triggered a spike in media attention, coverage often lacked depth regarding the causes of climate change and structural adaptation solutions. Public broadcasters and specific press outlets like Le Monde and L'Humanité more consistently linked the event to global warming, whereas private channels like CNews and BFMTV frequently omitted this connection. The analysis highlights a preference for palliative adaptation measures, such as air conditioning, over structural solutions like urban greening or thermal renovation, and notes the emergence of climate disinformation narratives on certain platforms.

Climate Central analysis indicates that climate change increases the probability of performance-impairing heat (above 28°C) for 97 out of 104 scheduled 2026 World Cup matches. Nearly half of the matches face at least a 50% chance of such heat, with the highest impact seen in the June 26 match in Guadalajara. To mitigate health and performance risks, organizers have implemented mandatory hydration breaks and increased evening matches, though only three stadiums (Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston) are fully climate-controlled.

ClientEarth responds to the European Commission's Call for Evidence regarding a potential Fisheries Omnibus on Multiannual Plans (MAPs). The organisation argues that the priority should be the effective implementation and enforcement of existing tools rather than the deletion or weakening of key safeguards, such as the provisions on most vulnerable stocks (MVS) in the Western Mediterranean MAP and the 5% rule in the Northern MAPs. It asserts that failing to rebuild depleted stocks perpetuates 'choke risks' and that the only sustainable solution is to prioritise the recovery of stocks below sustainable levels. The document also suggests that the upcoming EU Ocean Act and the revision of the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) should be used to strengthen coherence in ocean policies and redirect harmful subsidies toward climate and biodiversity targets.

The report outlines a framework for the mining sector to mitigate its impact on forests, emphasizing a 'nature-positive' approach. It details cross-cutting principles for all companies and specific mandates for upstream operators (e.g., protecting restricted areas and ensuring FPIC), midstream processors (e.g., implementing traceability), and downstream manufacturers (e.g., mandating mine-of-origin disclosure and designing for circularity). The goal is to align the mineral value chain with the 2030 Global Forest Vision to protect high-integrity ecosystems and Indigenous rights.

The upper Acre River basin, shared by Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru, faces increasing climate extremes, including more frequent floods and severe droughts, alongside significant deforestation. While regional frameworks like the Amazon Cooperation Treaty exist, the report finds a gap between high-level agreements and local implementation due to differing national legal frameworks and a lack of formal basin committees. The document analyzes recent governance efforts—such as Bolivia's Strategic Water Planning Strategy (EPHIC), Brazil's state-level management, and Peru's progress toward creating a Basin Water Resources Council—and recommends consolidating existing local platforms through voluntary coordination and shared data protocols rather than creating new formal structures.

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) advocates for the Scientific Integrity Act to codify protections for federal science, citing a significant increase in 'attacks on science' and the undermining of previous integrity policies by the second Trump administration.

The report outlines a framework for companies in the offshore wind, coastal tourism, shipping, and seafood sectors to track their contributions to halting and reversing biodiversity loss. It emphasizes the use of Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) to reduce business risks and ensure credible ecological outcomes. The guidance distinguishes between pressure indicators (direct company impacts) and state-of-nature indicators (overall ecosystem health), while advocating for a 'seascape approach' to collective monitoring. It also integrates social dimensions, such as human rights and Indigenous Peoples' rights, as essential components of transformative nature-positive actions.

The report projects Morocco's GDP to reach US$253.4 billion by 2043 on its current path, with potential to reach US$384 billion in a combined scenario. While the country benefits from a demographic window of opportunity and a shift toward high-value manufacturing, it faces significant challenges including severe water stress, heavy energy import dependence, and a large informal economy. Key growth drivers identified include the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), governance reforms, and strategic investments in education and infrastructure.

The report analyzes Kenya's development path toward 2043, comparing a 'Current Path' with eight ambitious sectoral scenarios and a 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario. Key findings highlight that while Kenya has a resilient economy and leads Africa in geothermal energy, it faces significant hurdles in corruption, infrastructure, and public debt. The analysis suggests that full implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and improvements in governance would have the most substantial positive impacts on GDP per capita and poverty reduction. A combined approach of all scenarios could increase GDP by 123.1% over the current path and drastically reduce carbon emissions by transitioning fully to renewables.

The report projects that The Gambia's population will grow to 4.4 million by 2043, with urbanisation reaching 72.1%. While GDP per capita is expected to rise to US$4,950 on the Current Path, the report highlights significant vulnerabilities in food security and a high youth unemployment rate of approximately 35%. Sectoral scenarios suggest that trade liberalisation via AfCFTA and agricultural improvements offer the highest potential for economic growth, while the Combined Agenda 2063 scenario could nearly double the economy to US$18.5 billion, albeit at the cost of increased carbon emissions reaching 1.7 million tons.

The report outlines Kenya's transition from a one-party state to a multiparty democracy and its current administrative structure of 47 semi-autonomous counties. It details the country's diverse natural resources, including minerals and agricultural commodities, and examines the 'Vision 2030' development blueprint. The document highlights economic progress, such as GDP growth and poverty reduction between 2010 and 2019, while noting critical challenges including climate change, high energy costs, and the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine-Russian war.

The document introduces Morocco's geography, noting its unique position as the only African country with both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines and a land border with the European Union. It outlines the country's political structure as a unitary semi-constitutional monarchy and details territorial disputes regarding Western Sahara and Spanish enclaves. Finally, it notes that Morocco faces severe climate change risks, specifically increasing temperatures and decreased rainfall.