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The playbook argues that infrastructure is a primary driver of biodiversity loss and climate change, contributing approximately 79% of global greenhouse gas emissions. It advocates for a shift from 'no net loss' to 'nature-positive' development, where biodiversity gain is central to design. Based on an analysis of nearly 200 projects, the guide categorizes solutions across transport, energy, water, buildings, and coastal protection. Key findings highlight an implementation bias toward well-known solutions like reforestation, while more complex options like peatland restoration remain underutilized. The document emphasizes that nature-based solutions can complement or replace 'grey' infrastructure, offering superior adaptability to climate change and providing diverse co-benefits including improved water quality, carbon sequestration, and social well-being.

The assessment of nature-based infrastructure in the Peruvian Andes indicates that land restoration provides systemic benefits including job creation, increased carbon storage, and improved climate adaptation by reducing landslide risks and enhancing water availability. The study utilizes the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) method to move beyond conventional cost-benefit analysis, highlighting that the most significant impacts are found in livelihood protection and agricultural resilience. Additionally, the document notes that restoration can foster gender equality by involving women and create economic opportunities through agroforestry and non-timber forest products.

ClientEarth argues that the proposed FMP for mixed flatfish in the Southern North Sea and Eastern Channel lacks binding commitments and fails to adhere to the precautionary and ecosystem-based objectives of the Fisheries Act 2020. The submission specifically calls for fishing limits to be set below Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) to build climate resilience, the recovery of the depleted witch stock, and the implementation of firm Minimum Conservation Reference Sizes (MCRS) and towed gear measures.

The report provides a comprehensive mapping of climate finance for land use in Brazil from 2015 to 2020, identifying an average annual flow of R$ 25.1 billion. It details the roles of domestic and international sources, the prevalence of rural credit as a primary instrument, and the distribution of funds across sectors such as agriculture and forestry. The analysis highlights a significant growth in thematic bonds and a heavy reliance on domestic private resources mobilized by public policies, while noting gaps in international funding and transparency regarding final beneficiaries.

Climate Resilient Landscape Finance (CRLF) is an innovative umbrella facility combining microfinance, private debt, and technical assistance to address the lack of bankability for sustainable land use in African conservation areas. The instrument aims to mobilize USD 12 million in capital to support local landowners and landscape management companies, leveraging international carbon and biodiversity credit markets to create self-sustaining conservation economies. A pilot phase will begin in the Northern Maasai Mara, Kenya, with plans to expand across Eastern and Southern Africa.

The Low-Carbon Agriculture Transition Mechanism (LATM) is a financial structure designed to decarbonize Brazil's agricultural sector by providing small and medium-sized farmers with long-term loans, technical assistance, and a first-of-its-kind income guarantee. The mechanism targets four specific credit lines: Pasture Recovery, Sustainable Livestock Intensification, Integrated Systems, and Agroforestry and Bioeconomy. It aims to mobilize USD 115 million in total capital—combining commercial, concessional, and grant funding—to reach 78,000 hectares by 2030 and avoid or remove over 187,245 tons of CO2e per year. The implementation follows a three-phase pathway: a Pilot Phase testing components in the Amazon and Cerrado, a Commercial Phase scaling the full structure across three biomes, and a Scale-up Phase reducing dependency on concessional capital.

The report examines the global sugar cane sector, highlighting the role of voluntary sustainability standards (VSSs) in promoting resilience and sustainability. It analyzes how climate change, geopolitical conflicts, and government interventions distort market prices and affect the livelihoods of millions of smallholders. The document provides a detailed look at the value chain, where refiners and traders capture the most value, and suggests pathways for improving farmer incomes through diversification, better policy frameworks, and the expansion of sustainable sourcing.

The study identifies biochar as a viable land-based mitigation technology in Colombia, estimating that 10% of agricultural residual biomass could be converted to biochar, with each tonne avoiding 1 to 2.2 t of CO2eq over 100 years. However, production is hindered by high investment costs and inadequate policies, with raw feedstock costs accounting for 33% to 74% of total expenses depending on the pyrolysis technology used.

The document explains the distinction between weather and climate, the human-driven causes of global warming, and the resulting increase in extreme weather events. It highlights the disproportionate impact of climate change on marginalized groups and outlines necessary solutions, including transitioning to renewable energy and improving resource efficiency.

The document uses the example of international firefighters collaborating to fight Canadian wildfires as a metaphor for the necessary global cooperation required to address climate change and biodiversity loss. It highlights recent multilateral successes, such as the Convention of Biological Diversity COP15 agreement, the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund, and the UN Treaty of the High Seas, as evidence of a positive trend in environmental diplomacy. The author emphasizes the ecological importance of the boreal forest, which contains 20 percent of the world's carbon, and calls for continued partnership between governments, Indigenous Peoples, and civil society at the Seventh GEF Assembly.

Octavia Carbon is a Kenya-based startup developing Direct Air Carbon Capture (DACC) technology to remove CO2 from the atmosphere for permanent storage or industrial use. The company aims to disrupt the high cost of DACC by utilizing Kenya's natural endowments, specifically the high-porosity basaltic rock of the Rift Valley for storage and waste heat from geothermal power for energy. By the end of 2024, Octavia Carbon intends to produce at least one machine per day, reaching a capacity of approximately 40,000 tonnes of CO2 per year. The company projects a cost per tonne of CO2 between $300 and $500, significantly lower than current global ranges of $775 to $1,200, positioning it as a potential global cost leader by mid-decade.

The 'Recharge Pakistan' project is a 7-year initiative designed to shift Pakistan's flood and water management from a reactive, grey-infrastructure-based approach to a proactive, nature-based strategy. With a total budget of approximately 77.8 million USD, the project focuses on four sites in the Indus Basin: DI Khan, Ramak, Chakar Lehri, and Manchar Lake. Key activities include restoring 14,215 hectares of degraded watersheds, implementing 127 green infrastructure measures (such as recharge basins and retention areas), and updating national and provincial water policies to prioritize EbA. The project also aims to improve the livelihoods of over 50,000 smallholder farmers through climate-smart agriculture and support the incubation of seven sustainable businesses. It is expected to benefit 687,336 direct and over 7 million indirect beneficiaries.

The project seeks to reduce flood risk and improve livelihoods in the Trois-Rivières (TR) watershed of Haiti. It proposes implementing 17,740 hectares of agroforestry and rehabilitating 7,700 hectares of forest to reduce peak runoff by 40%. The initiative includes establishing a social safety net via food coupons and Village Savings and Credit Associations (VSCAs) to discourage unsustainable charcoal production. Additionally, it aims to strengthen national water governance by drafting provisions for the Water Act and establishing Catchment Integrated Water Resources Management Committees. The project targets 292,600 direct and 441,272 indirect beneficiaries, with a total budget of approximately USD 31.3 million, including USD 22.4 million requested from the GCF.

Carbon Market Watch argues that current carbon market mechanisms, such as buffer pools and insurance, are insufficient to guarantee the multi-century permanence required for carbon removals to credibly offset ongoing emissions. The organization recommends extending project proponent monitoring responsibilities to at least 100 years, implementing strict reversal notification timelines (within 30 days), and requiring the automatic cancellation of unused buffer credits. To address equity concerns, it suggests that liability for reversals should shift to acquiring Parties or be funded via top-off fees and a Secretariat-managed satellite monitoring system, rather than falling on host Parties, many of which are developing nations.

The report identifies livestock fermentation, rice cultivation, and land-use changes as primary drivers of agri-food methane emissions. It argues that transitioning to plant-rich diets, improving livestock management, and adopting sustainable rice farming can reduce greenhouse gases while improving public health by reducing air pollution and non-communicable diseases.

The document outlines a comprehensive approach to achieving the '30x30' target, emphasizing that numerical expansion must be coupled with qualitative improvements in governance and management. It details a three-phase implementation timeline (Review, Planning, and Implementation), defines key concepts such as OECMs and human rights-based approaches, and provides guidance on integrating biodiversity conservation with climate goals and national policies.

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a USDA initiative that pays agricultural producers to remove environmentally sensitive land from production to improve water quality, prevent soil erosion, and reduce wildlife habitat loss. The program includes various initiatives such as the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) and the Farmable Wetland Program, with specific acreage caps ranging from 24 million to 27 million acres between 2019 and 2023. In 2021, the USDA highlighted the program's climate impact, estimating a reduction of 12 million metric tons of CO2e per year, and introduced incentives to further increase enrollment and mitigation potential.

The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) provides financial and technical assistance to agricultural producers and nonindustrial forest managers to address natural resource concerns. It supports practices that improve water and air quality, increase soil health, and mitigate climate change. Funding is provided through the 2018 Farm Bill and the Inflation Reduction Act, with specific allocations for livestock production and wildlife habitat. The program includes sub-initiatives like Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG) and the EQIP Cover Crop Initiative to foster innovative conservation approaches and carbon sequestration.

The Clean Air Task Force (CATF) supports the BLM's proposed Conservation and Landscape Health rule, arguing that conservation leases are a valid tool for implementing the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) mandates. CATF recommends that the rule be structured to avoid hindering the buildout of electric transmission and renewable energy, specifically suggesting a two-mile buffer around energy corridors where leases are restricted to permittees. The document also advocates for integrating carbon sequestration and climate resilience into the 'fundamentals of land health' and strongly advises against allowing conservation leases to generate marketable carbon offset credits due to a lack of permanence in the proposed 10-year lease terms.

A coalition of environmental organizations argues that mature and old-growth (MOG) forests are critical for carbon sequestration and biodiversity, and must be protected from logging via a national BLM rule. The document details the ecological value of MOG, identifies ongoing logging threats on BLM lands, and argues that such protections are consistent with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) and Biden administration executive orders.