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This Overview Brief from the NAP Global Network examines monitoring and evaluation (M&E) within the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process, specifically focusing on the experiences of developing countries in designing and implementing adaptation M&E systems.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law reviews the status of human rights, gender equality, and other social considerations within the negotiations for the Paris Agreement's implementation guidelines as of February 2018. It analyzes four key agenda items—Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Adaptation Communications, the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF), and the Global Stocktake (GST)—detailing the proposals made by various countries and the extent to which these social dimensions were reflected in the co-facilitators' notes following COP-23.

The Socio-Climate Benefits Fund (SCBF), proposed by Kaeté Investimentos, is a financial instrument designed to reverse small-scale deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by incentivizing the adoption of agroforestry systems among smallholders through long-term investment and training.

This research paper examines the "action gap" between national commitments to integrate climate change adaptation into social and economic development and the actual implementation of concrete projects. By analyzing five "early movers"—Afghanistan, Colombia, Germany, India, and Rwanda—the paper identifies critical enabling factors such as political will, legislative mandates, inter-agency coordination, accessible knowledge, and supportive budgetary processes to accelerate the transition from planning to action.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the effectiveness of mainstreaming climate adaptation objectives into existing policies by reviewing peer-reviewed empirical analyses.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute proposes the creation of 'America’s Climate Fund,' a nonfederal finance vehicle designed to maintain U.S. engagement in international climate finance and support vulnerable populations in developing countries while the federal administration retreats from these commitments.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyses concessional international public climate finance flows to seven Indian Ocean and African Small Island Developing States (SIDS) between 2010 and 2015. Using OECD data, the study examines commitments, disbursements, and sectoral distribution, finding that finance is heavily concentrated in a few countries and sectors, with significant gaps in disbursement and alignment with national priorities.

This guide from the World Resources Institute provides a glossary of 23 key terms and acronyms essential for understanding the climate negotiations at COP23, focusing on the implementation of the Paris Agreement.

The NewClimate Institute analyzed 163 intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) to determine how countries justify the equity of their climate mitigation and adaptation efforts, finding that most claims are unsubstantiated or lack global context.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute outlines a menu of options for countries to enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2020 to better align with the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement.

This World Resources Institute working paper outlines a 'menu of options' for countries to enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2020. It argues that current NDCs are insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C or 2°C and provides practical pathways to increase mitigation ambition, strengthen adaptation plans, improve implementation measures, and enhance transparency and communication.

This research paper examines whether climate change adaptation efforts inadvertently shift risks and vulnerabilities between different people and places, concluding that such redistribution is largely ignored in practice and empirical research.

This working paper by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) provides lessons on leveraging private sector finance for climate compatible development based on projects in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It emphasizes the need for country-specific approaches, strong public sector leadership, and the use of innovative financial instruments to bridge the gap between commercial interests and climate goals.

This briefing outlines a proposed public finance package for French President Emmanuel Macron's December 2017 climate summit to counteract reductions in U.S. climate finance and mobilize private capital for the Paris Agreement.

This research paper examines whether climate change-related expenditures are appearing in the national budgets of Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda to support the implementation of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The author finds that while some budget projections show increasing resources for key ministries, there is a significant discrepancy between these estimates and actual spending, and many NDC-related projects remain heavily dependent on international donor support.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyses international public climate finance flows to Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) between 2010 and 2015. Using OECD Creditor Reporting System (CRS) data, the study examines the volume, sources, sectoral distribution, and delivery mechanisms of funds primarily targeting climate change, highlighting significant gaps between commitments and actual disbursements.

This guidance note provides assistance to countries on securing financing for National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes, covering the entire cycle from initiation to the monitoring and evaluation of adaptation actions.

This report examines the policy provisions, opportunities, and challenges associated with scaling up climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices in Nepal, utilizing a qualitative approach involving desk studies, expert consultations, and field observations.

This report, based on opening remarks by Sam Bickersteth at a July 2017 conference, reviews the activities of the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) from 2010 to 2017. It evaluates the progress of 'climate compatible development'—the principle that climate action should not hinder poverty reduction—and identifies systemic gaps in institutional capability, finance, and the implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in developing nations.

This policy brief examines the barriers to upscaling Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) in sub-Saharan Africa and proposes policy interventions to enhance food security and climate resilience.