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The report examines the use of blended finance in Colombia to address a structural funding gap for Sustainable Development Goals, focusing on renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and the bioeconomy. It highlights that while mobilizing private capital is essential, previous blended finance efforts have been limited by a lack of standardization and a focus on isolated transactions rather than structural solutions. The study utilizes 17 semi-structured interviews, a multi-stakeholder dialogue with approximately 40 participants, and a review of global reports to determine how international cooperation, government, and the private sector can effectively mobilize capital.

The report projects that Mauritius will see steady GDP per capita growth and eliminate extreme poverty at the US$5.50 line by 2036 under its current path. While the country is a low emitter, carbon emissions are expected to rise from 1.3 million tons in 2019 to 1.8 million tons by 2043. The 'Combined scenario'—integrating improvements in trade, manufacturing, and finance—could increase GDP per capita by 18.5% by 2043, though it would also result in an additional 0.3 million tons of carbon emissions compared to the baseline.

The report analyzes Guinea's 'Current Path' development trajectory to 2043, concluding that the country is not on track to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. It highlights the severe impact of foreign aid withdrawal due to political instability and recommends strategic interventions in governance, economic diversification, agriculture, human capital, and infrastructure to foster inclusive growth.

The document describes Burkina Faso as a landlocked West African nation facing severe political instability, characterized by six coups and ongoing jihadi violence. It highlights the country's status as the most affected by terrorism globally in 2023, resulting in millions of internally displaced persons and significant disruptions to health and education. Economically, the nation relies on subsistence farming and gold mining, while its geopolitical alignment has shifted toward Russia and the Confederation of Sahel States following its withdrawal from ECOWAS.

The document examines illicit financial flows (IFFs) in Africa, estimating annual losses between US$50 billion and US$89 billion. It identifies commercial activities, such as Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) and trade misinvoicing, as the primary drivers (65%), while criminal activity and corruption account for 35%. These outflows reduce spending on health and education and increase reliance on predatory borrowing. The paper discusses countermeasures including the African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF), the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS, and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), while highlighting challenges such as the US's role as a "secrecy jurisdiction" and limited administrative capacity in African nations.

The report concludes that while Burundi has made progress in peace and macroeconomic stability since 2000, it remains hindered by political fragility, poor infrastructure, and low agricultural productivity. On its current path, the country is forecast to improve but will likely miss many 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The analysis emphasizes that a coordinated policy push across development sectors, focusing on agricultural modernization, economic diversification into manufacturing, and climate-resilient infrastructure, is necessary to reduce aid dependency and improve citizen prosperity.

The document examines the critical role of infrastructure in Africa's development, highlighting a persistent deficit that constrains GDP growth and productivity. It argues that closing this gap, which requires over US$100 billion annually, is essential for the success of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and for shifting the continent toward a more inclusive growth trajectory.

Africa has seen infrastructure improvements, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, but continues to face a substantial deficit driven by population growth and urbanisation. Financing is characterized by a tension between concessional Western multilateral loans and more commercial, opaque Chinese lending via the Belt and Road Initiative. Recent efforts, such as the PIDA framework and the 2025 Africa Infrastructure Financing Summit, aim to align investment with pan-African priorities and global sustainability goals, including a transition toward renewables and electric mobility.

The document argues that policy incoherence is driven not by poor coordination, but by power asymmetries, vested interests, and the prioritization of economic growth over social and environmental goals. Based on research in nine countries, it finds that fossil-fuel interests consistently drive incoherence and that vulnerable groups disproportionately bear the resulting burdens. It calls for a post-2030 framework that moves beyond 'synergies' to address distributional consequences and cross-border spillovers.

The briefing argues that while climate and sustainable development goals are theoretically synergistic, actual policy coherence is hindered by political inequality, vested interests, and the prioritization of economic growth. Through analysis of nine countries and global NDC data, the research demonstrates that coherence is not a neutral technocratic exercise but a political process with significant distributional consequences, often burdening vulnerable groups when political will for equity is absent.

The report examines the critical intersection of health and WaSH services in Africa, highlighting how underinvestment, colonial legacies, and external dependencies undermine human development. It details severe infrastructure gaps, such as the lack of safely managed water for 959 million people, and warns that the closure of USAID in 2025 could result in 1.8 to 2.5 million additional deaths annually through 2030. The document argues that these systems are foundational for economic productivity and resilience against climate-related disasters, but current trajectories are insufficient to meet 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

The report finds that while the percentage of Africans living in extreme poverty has declined since the 1990s, the absolute number of poor people continues to rise due to rapid population growth. Africa is projected to miss the 2030 SDG goal of eliminating extreme poverty, with several countries likely to maintain poverty rates above 50% by that date. The document attributes these challenges to high inequality, over-reliance on natural resources, and bad governance, noting that Sub-Saharan Africa carries the largest global burden of extreme poverty.

The document presents the 'geographic spillovers' feature of the SDG Synergies tool, designed to analyze how Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) interactions operate across different geographic scales. A pilot exercise in Monterrey, Mexico, focused on the Nuevo Leon State Climate Change Program (PECC), found strong synergies and no trade-offs between state-level objectives and metropolitan-level actions, particularly in water management, disaster risk reduction, and renewable energy. The authors recommend using this tool to enhance vertical policy coherence and suggest that identifying these interactions should be followed by an assessment of the coordination mechanisms that operationalize them.

The World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) advocates for communication rights—including freedom of expression and access to information—as essential for human dignity and the achievement of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). WACC operates through three main pillars: Digital Justice, Climate Justice, and Gender Justice. Its work involves capacity building, research, education, and advocacy to empower marginalized communities, combat digital disinformation and misogyny, and ensure local voices are included in climate debates. Key initiatives include the Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) and the Voices of the Amazon project.

The author contends that recent violations of international law—including US actions in Venezuela and conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza—demonstrate the impotence of violence. The text advocates for a shift toward 'non-violence' as a political tool and a global common good, linking peace to social and environmental justice. It calls on the European Union to champion this approach by upholding the UN Charter, the Paris Agreement, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

The author contends that recent military actions by the US, Russia, and Israel signal a collapse of international law and a return to the 'law of the strongest'. The text argues that violence is a symptom of powerlessness and suggests that Europe should instead promote a 'new' paradigm based on non-violence, the UN's 2030 Agenda, and the Paris Climate Agreement to achieve sustainable peace and climate justice.

The report forecasts that COVID-19 will significantly hinder Africa's progress toward the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in eliminating extreme poverty. Depending on the recovery scenario (V, U, or L), the number of Africans living in extreme poverty by 2030 is projected to increase to between 607 million and 640 million. The analysis highlights a severe short-term shock in 2020, with an additional 14 million people falling below the US$1.90 poverty threshold. Economic consequences include an expected increase in debt by 5 to 9 percentage points of GDP and a heightened dependence on international aid due to domestic economic contraction. The most negatively affected countries are identified as Nigeria, the DR Congo, Ethiopia, Niger, and Tanzania. Other SDG targets, including undernutrition, infant mortality, and education completion rates, are also expected to deteriorate or miss targets further.

The IEJ welcomes the G20 South Africa Summit's Leaders' Declaration as a diplomatic achievement but notes that the consensus-based process resulted in a 'lowest common denominator' outcome. While the IEJ acknowledges the mainstreaming of issues like critical minerals and sustainable industrial policy, it argues the declaration falls short on urgent priorities including climate finance, debt sustainability, and gender equality. The IEJ emphasizes that the success of the presidency depends on translating these commitments into tangible improvements for the African continent.

The document outlines five thematic areas for G20 action to support Africa's development: digital sovereignty and AI governance, trade resilience through the AfCFTA, 'whole-of-society' just energy transitions, reform of the global financial architecture, and the pursuit of the 2030 and 2063 sustainability agendas amidst shifting geopolitical tensions.

The paper advocates for integrating climate mitigation with socioeconomic development to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and low-emission pathways. It identifies policy integration, finance mobilisation, technical capacity, and international cooperation as key enablers for this transition. To strengthen G20 cooperation, the document proposes facilitating experience-sharing, fostering international coordination, and engaging in demand-driven partnerships for implementation both within and outside G20 member countries.