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This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) evaluates the alignment of the G-20 food security agenda with the interests of the African continent. The analysis finds that while the G-20's commitments broadly align with African policy processes—particularly regarding food-price volatility, agricultural productivity, and nutrition—the G-20 has been slow to implement regulatory reforms and provide significant funding for African agriculture. The author argues that the G-20 often overlooks systemic issues requiring internal reform, such as biofuel policies and commodity speculation, which significantly impact food security in developing regions.

This research paper examines the impact of international greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions offsets on global climate mitigation, specifically focusing on the risks of double-counting reductions between host and buying countries following the 2010 Cancún Agreements.

This policy brief, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network in July 2013, examines the relationship between climate change and migration in Bangladesh. Based on research from the Sussex Centre for Migration Research and the Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit, the document argues that migration should be viewed as a proactive adaptation tool rather than a failure of local interventions or a social threat. It identifies significant gaps in existing national policies and provides recommendations to integrate migration into climate resilience strategies, protect migrant rights, and improve access to financial and vocational resources for climate-vulnerable populations.

This policy brief analyzes the relationship between climate-related hazards—specifically inland flooding, storm surges, and riverbank erosion—and long-term migration patterns in Bangladesh. Using historical census data and World Bank projections, the authors estimate that an additional 9.6 million people are likely to migrate from affected upazilas (sub-districts) between 2011 and 2050. The document advocates for government interventions in employment skills training and urban planning to support migrants and reduce disaster risks in cities.

This executive summary evaluates the impact of Resolution 3.545, a 2008 Brazilian Central Bank policy that conditioned rural credit in the Amazon Biome on environmental compliance. The study finds that the policy significantly reduced rural credit and subsequently decreased deforestation, particularly in cattle-ranching areas.

A research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates emission control measures for tropospheric ozone and black carbon to mitigate near-term climate change while improving public health and food security.

This technical report by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyzes three agricultural water management (AWM) scenarios in the Mkindo watershed of the Wami River Basin, Tanzania. Using community fieldwork and expert meetings, the report evaluates how different interventions—ranging from small-scale irrigation and rainwater storage to diesel pumps and large-scale commercial cash crop expansion—impact the livelihoods of small-scale farmers, livestock keepers, and other residents over a ten-year horizon.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes how tax exemptions and levy reductions in Germany's energy policy framework impact industrial energy prices. It focuses on four key policies: the Environmental Tax Reform, the Combined Heat and Power Act, the EU Emission Trading Scheme, and the Renewable Energy Act. The analysis finds that these exemptions significantly lower energy costs for large, energy-intensive companies, potentially reducing the policy-induced component of energy prices by up to 75% on average, which may diminish incentives for energy efficiency improvements.

This 2011 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the impact of energy tax exemptions and levy reductions on the German industrial sector. It examines how various policy instruments—including the Ecological Tax Reform, the Renewable Energy Act (EEG), the Combined Heat and Power Act (KWKG), and the EU Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS)—create a 'politically determined component' of energy prices that varies significantly based on company size and industry sector.

This policy brief examines the potential impact of Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs) on exports from China, emphasizing that the level of exposure depends heavily on design details such as the products included, the applied CO2 price, and the method used to assess carbon content.

This research paper analyzes the relative importance of various climate policy elements—specifically the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS) and long-term climate policy targets—on the investment decisions of European power sector companies. Based on a 2009 survey of 65 power generators and 136 technology providers, the study examines two dimensions of innovation: the adoption of new plants and research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities. The findings indicate that climate policies are generally less influential than market factors and technology-specific regulations, though long-term targets are particularly critical for the RD&D activities of technology providers.

This 2009 research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute maps the climate change finance portfolios of five institutions: three bilateral finance institutions (AFD, KfW, and JICA) and two multilateral institutions (EIB and NEFCO). The report analyzes the scale, regional and sectoral distribution, and financial instruments used for climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries, while identifying barriers to effectiveness and opportunities for future coordination among bilateral finance institutions (BFIs).

This 2005 report presents the results of the first national-scale survey on gender-based violence (GBV) in Malawian schools, conducted in February and March 2005. The study interviewed 4,412 children aged nine and older and 632 teachers to assess the extent of physical, sexual, economic, and emotional violence. It highlights a pervasive culture of bullying and sexual abuse occurring at school, at home, and during the commute, while examining the role of teachers in both perpetrating and addressing such violence.

This report, produced by the OECD in collaboration with the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), provides a preliminary status check on climate finance mobilised by developed countries for developing countries in 2013 and 2014. It estimates that total climate finance reached USD 61.8 billion in 2014 and USD 52.2 billion in 2013, averaging USD 57.0 billion per year, as part of the progress toward the UNFCCC goal of mobilising USD 100 billion annually by 2020.

The 2026 Global Electricity Review by Ember reports that record solar energy growth in 2025 met the entirety of new global electricity demand, halting the increase in fossil fuel generation for the first time since 2020. For the first time in the modern era, renewable energy sources collectively surpassed coal, accounting for over one-third of global electricity generation.

This report by the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) analyzes opportunities to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Canadian Class-8 truck fleet through the adoption of aerodynamic retrofits, low rolling-resistance tires, and auxiliary power units (APUs). It argues that government leadership, technical guidance, and financial incentives are necessary to overcome industry inertia and the fuel-efficiency losses caused by emissions regulations.

The report "Taking the Pulse 2019," commissioned by Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL), analyzes the financing requirements for achieving universal energy access (SDG 7) in Madagascar, the Philippines, and Uganda. It focuses on off-grid electricity solutions—specifically mini-grids and standalone solar systems—and clean cooking technologies, estimating the total capital needed to bridge existing energy gaps by 2030.

The 2021 Production Gap report by the Stockholm Environment Institute finds that global government plans for fossil fuel production in 2030 are more than double what is required to limit warming to 1.5°C. Despite net-zero pledges, most major producers plan to increase or maintain production, and G20 nations have provided more new funding to fossil fuels than clean energy since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute applies the Greenhouse Development Rights (GDR) framework to Sweden to determine its climate obligations. It argues that wealthy nations must accept a 'two-fold obligation'—deep domestic emission reductions and significant international financial and technological support—to ensure the global South can develop sustainably without exceeding a 2°C warming limit.

The report 'Charting the Midwest' provides a quantitative analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across eight U.S. states in the Midwest region, utilizing a consistent methodological framework to allow for direct comparison between states.