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This methodological appendix describes the quantitative models used to analyze access to the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Pronaf) in Brazilian municipalities, using data from the 2017 Agricultural Census.

The report analyzes how extreme heatwaves in 2024 increased electricity demand and fossil fuel generation in the world's three largest electricity markets: China, the United States, and India. Using a population-weighted temperature methodology, Ember found that cooling needs significantly drove demand spikes during critical summer months, leading to increased reliance on coal and gas to fill generation gaps.

This research paper analyzes the proximate drivers of timber plantation expansion in south-central Chile between 1975 and 2007, finding that plantations grew from 5.5% to 42.4% of the landscape, often through the clearing of secondary native forests.

The research proposes two quantitative Resprouting Capacity Indices (RCI 1 and RCI 2) to measure the post-fire recovery of seasonally dry forest species, demonstrating that these indices provide more detailed data than survival-based assessments and are influenced by species, growth form, and plant size.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the relationship between subsidized rural credit and deforestation in Brazil between 2020 and 2024. It finds that a significant portion of public funds is directed toward properties with a history of deforestation, highlighting a gap between the sustainability policies of financial institutions and their actual lending portfolios.

The report 'Panorama de Financiamento Climático para Uso da Terra no Brasil 2021-2023' by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes financial flows directed toward agriculture and forests aligned with climate goals in Brazil. It finds a significant increase in annual climate finance for land use, reaching an average of R$ 88.1 billion between 2021 and 2023, driven largely by rural credit and domestic private sources. The document details the instruments used, the sectors benefited, and the specific climate uses (mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage), while highlighting gaps in transparency and the need for more rigorous verification of sustainable practices.

This research paper presents initial findings from the Klimatkalkylatorn dataset, an online carbon footprint calculator developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and WWF Sweden. Based on self-reported data from over 800,000 users, the study analyzes variations in household carbon footprints across Sweden, examining the influence of geography, household size, and income levels to provide a more granular view than national statistics.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides a comprehensive mapping of climate finance flows for land use in Brazil from 2015 to 2020. It quantifies resources directed toward agriculture and forests aligned with mitigation and adaptation goals, identifying sources, disbursement channels, financial instruments, and sectors. The analysis reveals a heavy reliance on domestic resources and public policy-driven private credit, while highlighting significant gaps in international funding and transparency regarding private sector investments.

The Global Electricity Mid-Year Insights 2023 report by Ember analyses global electricity generation from January to June 2023. It finds that global power sector emissions plateaued, increasing by only 0.2%, as significant growth in wind and solar was offset by a historic decline in hydropower generation caused by droughts.

This report serves as a preliminary synthesis of policy insights from Work Package 3 (WP3) of the CASCADES project, focusing on how trade-linked cross-border climate impacts may disrupt the European economy. It combines quantitative model results with qualitative stakeholder analysis and literature reviews, specifically examining food systems, soy supply chains, and energy transition minerals.

This fact sheet summarizes a Nature paper by World Resources Institute (WRI) researchers regarding the carbon costs of global wood harvests. The analysis finds that wood harvests significantly increase atmospheric carbon, contributing annual emissions that exceed 10% of recent human annual carbon dioxide emissions. The document critiques 'netting' approaches in prior research that treat wood harvests as carbon neutral by offsetting them against general forest growth, arguing that such growth would occur regardless of harvesting.

This research paper assesses bilateral climate finance provided between 2016 and 2020 to ten developing countries with low governance scores, identifying a heavy skew toward mitigation and a concentration of funding from Japan to Uzbekistan.

This report by RMI examines how reforming urban land use policies in the United States can mitigate climate change, increase housing supply, and reduce ecological harm by moving away from car-centric, single-family zoning.

A research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examining rural-to-peri-urban migration in north and central Namibia as a response to climate hazards, detailing the associated benefits for migrants and the socio-economic costs for communities of origin.

This research paper analyzes the distributional outcomes of a UN Adaptation Fund project in the Aloatra-Mangoro region of Madagascar, examining how informal patronage and political connectivity influenced the allocation of climate adaptation benefits.

This report argues that political instability and violent protests in South Africa are primarily driven by unmanageable elite contestation within the African National Congress (ANC) rather than spontaneous socio-economic grievances. Using data modelling and artificial intelligence, the authors demonstrate a strong correlation between ANC internal conflicts and protest spikes, particularly from 2018 onwards, while finding a low correlation with service delivery or unemployment trends.

The National Cooling Action Plan (NCAP) provides analyses on space cooling mitigation in buildings to support Grenada's commitments under the Paris Agreement, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

This report analyzes the generation and causes of food waste and food loss across the entire Estonian food supply chain in 2020. It estimates that approximately 167,000 tons of food waste are generated annually in Estonia, with households being the largest contributors. The study provides a detailed breakdown of waste by sector—households, catering, trade, industry, and primary production—and offers strategic recommendations for reduction and better national accounting.

This research paper examines how land use, climate, and hydropower development drive hydrological alterations in the Srepok River Basin, utilizing IHA software and the Range of Variability Approach to quantify impacts on river ecosystems and water management.

Boom & Bust 2020 is a report by Global Energy Monitor and partners analyzing global coal-fired power plant development in 2019. It details a general decline in the pipeline for new coal capacity, driven by financial restrictions and climate commitments, though this trend is countered by significant new capacity coming online in China.