Exposure to compound climate hazards in global agricultural trade

The research analyzes the transmission of compound climate hazards—such as simultaneous temperature and precipitation extremes—through global agricultural trade networks. Using climate model simulations and trade data for four major crops, the study finds that in extreme simulated years, nearly one-third of the world's countries see 20% or more of their caloric supply exposed to these hazards. The authors highlight that countries with low diversification in their number of suppliers and the regional climates of those suppliers are most vulnerable, with some importing up to 93% of calories exposed to compound hazards.

• In the most extreme simulated year, nearly one-third of the world's countries have 20% or more of their caloric supply exposed to compound heat and precipitation hazards.
• Countries that lack diversification in the number of their suppliers and the regional climates of those suppliers are more susceptible to importing higher fractions of calories exposed to compound hazards, reaching levels up to 93%.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2025). Exposure to compound climate hazards in global agricultural trade. https://www.sei.org/publications/exposure-compound-climate-hazards-global-agricultural-trade/

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. Exposure to compound climate hazards in global agricultural trade. 2025. https://www.sei.org/publications/exposure-compound-climate-hazards-global-agricultural-trade/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=Exposure to compound climate hazards in global agricultural trade |date=14 May 2025 |url=https://www.sei.org/publications/exposure-compound-climate-hazards-global-agricultural-trade/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2025exposure, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{Exposure to compound climate hazards in global agricultural trade}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2025}, month = may, url = {https://www.sei.org/publications/exposure-compound-climate-hazards-global-agricultural-trade/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }