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The document introduces a study that combines a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with a spatially explicit land use model to analyze the interconnectedness of socio-economic development, land use, climate change, and food security in Vietnam from 2010 to 2030. It aims to provide decision-makers with insights into the spatial patterns of land use change and the resulting implications for greenhouse gas emissions and food security under three different scenarios.

The paper introduces INDAIR-CHEM, a model combining indoor air chemistry with physical and probabilistic exposure modelling. Testing across eight European cities shows that extreme heat-waves and poor ventilation can increase personal exposure to indoor pollutants. While reduced ventilation limits ozone ingress, it allows secondary species to persist longer, potentially increasing cumulative exposure. Additionally, the timing of cleaning with limonene-based products affects exposure risks for cleaning staff and office workers due to diurnal ozone variations.

The research paper evaluates strategies to decarbonise urban transportation, focusing on modal shifts, fuel switching, and electricity decarbonisation. Using a Spanish urban area as a model, it finds that aggressive measures—including a 50% reduction in car demand, improved fuel economy, and a shift to nuclear or CCS-equipped power—are necessary to significantly lower emissions and health burdens from particulate matter.

The study utilized IWRM models for Bukoba, Masaka, and Kisii to evaluate water resource sustainability. Findings indicate that all three towns are currently infrastructure-limited, with varying degrees of urgency for investment and different long-term supply outlooks based on local conditions.

The research introduces a modelling framework combining the NGAUGE field-scale model and a new LANDDAIRY farm-scale submodel to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Basque dairy farms. A case study of 17 farms in Bizkaia found mean total GHG emissions of 385 ± 175 t CO2-eq yr-1, with emissions per litre of energy-corrected milk ranging from 0.86 to 2.11 kg CO2-eq. The study identifies methane from enteric fermentation and emissions from purchased feed as the primary contributors to the carbon footprint, suggesting that purchased feed can serve as a proxy for estimating total farm emissions.

The document analyzes the reliance of Ethiopian households on traditional biomass, which accounts for approximately 90% of total primary energy use. Using the LEAP model, it compares a baseline scenario with 'moderate shift' and 'high shift' scenarios. The findings indicate that transitioning to improved cookstoves and electricity could reduce biomass demand by 53% to 67% compared to the baseline by 2030, while contributing significantly to national GHG reduction targets.

The research uses WEAP software to model water scarcity in Sana’a, Sadah, and Aden City, finding that current and predicted consumption patterns are a more significant driver of vulnerability than climate change and will lead to the full depletion of available supplies without urgent intervention.

The SACC consortium studies the physical and biogeochemical exchanges between the deep ocean and the Patagonian shelf to improve global carbon models and understand marine biodiversity. Initial results indicate that the Patagonia shelf absorbs approximately 17 Tg C yr-1 and that the shelf break fishery, representing 3% of global production, shows signs of overfishing. The project also emphasizes the role of freshwater input from the Rio de la Plata and Patos Lagoon in the Southwest Atlantic ecosystem and supports the BioMare fishery and oceanographic information system.

The Caribbean Coastal Scenarios (CCS) project models the flow of water, sediments, and contaminants from inland watersheds to coastal ecosystems in several Caribbean island nations. Initial findings highlight the degradation of water quality due to dams, sewage, and deforestation, specifically noting wastewater treatment gaps in Puerto Rico and agricultural runoff in the Dominican Republic.

The paper introduces a dual-level agent-based and system dynamics model to evaluate transitions to sustainable mobility. Using UK data, the model indicates that while Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles may dominate in the long term (post-2030), biofuels and ICE-electric hybrids are the primary short-to-medium term alternatives due to existing development and infrastructure compatibility. The findings suggest that technological transitions are more probable than lifestyle change transitions, which require sustained environmental pressure and consumer behavioural shifts.

The Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for eThekwini Municipality, produced in April 2007 by eThekwini Health and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, establishes a scientific framework to address urban air pollution. The plan focuses on priority pollutants—including sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, benzene, and odours—particularly within the industrialised South Durban Basin. It integrates a monitoring network, emission inventories, and dispersion modelling via the AirQUIS software system to inform abatement strategies and ensure compliance with the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act of 2005.

The report details a bottom-up integrated model developed in Analytica to project greenhouse gas emissions in South Africa to 2050. It incorporates a Mitigation Potential Analysis (MPA), GHG emission pathways, and a socio-economic model linked via a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The model assesses various sectors—including energy, industry, transport, waste, and AFOLU—applying specific mitigation measures and policies such as the Carbon Tax Act of 2019 and the IRP 2023. It provides a framework for evaluating the socio-economic impacts of decarbonisation pathways on employment, output, and household consumption across different income deciles.

The document argues that current political emission targets are insufficient to prevent devastating climate impacts and that global GHG emissions must decline rapidly after 2015 to reach essentially zero by midcentury. It asserts that while such a transition is technically feasible and economically affordable, it requires a 'Great Transformation' of institutions and policy, including a global climate fund and a shift in agricultural systems from emission sources to sinks. The report emphasizes that industrialized nations must reduce their emission allocations to zero or negative levels by 2020-2030 to allow developing countries the remaining carbon budget necessary to expand energy access and alleviate poverty.

The Illustrative People’s Energy Plan (IPEP), developed by WWF South Africa and the Energy Systems Research Group (ESRG) at the University of Cape Town, serves as a model for a transparent, climate-friendly energy plan for South Africa. It aims to show how the country can fulfill climate commitments while maintaining affordable and reliable energy, filling a gap left by the absence of a national Integrated Energy Plan (IEP) for over twenty years.