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This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the effect of federal and state subsidies on crude oil production in the United States, specifically analyzing how tax preferences influence the profitability of new investments and subsequent carbon emissions.

The Sustainable Energy Bonds (SEBs) instrument analysis by the India Innovation Lab for Green Finance proposes a debt instrument designed to mobilize impact investment for sustainable energy in India. SEBs address barriers such as high transaction costs for small-scale projects and a lack of standardized impact reporting by aggregating projects through a Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC) and implementing a rigorous monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) framework. The report focuses on rooftop solar projects in the commercial and industrial sectors as a primary use case, suggesting that a pilot issuance of USD 5 million could catalyze significant private finance with limited public support.

This factsheet from the Raising Risk Awareness initiative analyzes the 2015-16 drought in Ethiopia, noting that the event's extreme rarity and severity—influenced by El Niño—strained the capacity of existing national and international preparedness and response systems.

This fact sheet describes the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) program for implementing minimum energy and water efficiency standards for appliances and equipment under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975. It details the economic, environmental, and technological benefits of these standards, the role of voluntary programs like ENERGY STAR, and the impact of regional standards on heating and cooling products.

This fact sheet describes the role of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in implementing and enforcing minimum energy efficiency standards for appliances and equipment under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975. It details the economic and environmental benefits of these standards, the distinction between mandatory federal standards and voluntary programs like ENERGY STAR, and the impact of regional standards on heating and cooling equipment.

This report presents the results of a climate change study, a climate resilience assessment, and a palaeontological impact assessment for the proposed 1200MW Thabametsi coal-fired power station near Lephalale in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The document evaluates the project's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, its vulnerability to future climate scenarios, and the potential for fossil material destruction during construction.

This research paper estimates the global health and environmental damages caused by diesel NOx emissions, highlighting a significant gap between laboratory certification limits and real-world emissions across 11 major vehicle markets.

This policy brief details research by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and the University of the West Indies (UWI) regarding the projected impacts of climate change on tomato and cocoa cultivation in Trinidad & Tobago by 2050.

This policy brief details research by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and the University of the West Indies (UWI) on how climate change will affect cocoa and tomato production in Jamaica, while identifying potential diversification crops and shifting suitability zones.

This research paper analyzes the impact of climate change on hydropower within the Zambezi River Basin and the Southern African Power Pool, focusing on electricity generation costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and the necessity for cooperative governance.

This summary report, prepared by Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd for Thabametsi Power Company Proprietary Limited, details the climate change and palaeontological impact assessments for the proposed 1200MW Thabametsi coal-fired power station near Lephalale, Limpopo Province. The report was produced to satisfy conditions 10.5 and 10.6 of the project's Environmental Authorization following an appeal by the Centre for Environmental Rights. It evaluates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, climate resilience risks, and potential impacts on fossil heritage, concluding that while GHG impacts are high, they are not a fatal flaw given South Africa's energy policy framework.

This factsheet examines the causes and impacts of a rare extreme rainfall event in Chennai, India, on 1 December 2015. It highlights that while human-caused emissions had no measurable effect on the rainfall itself, unplanned urban growth, encroachment on water bodies, and poor infrastructure management significantly increased the city's vulnerability and the resulting devastation.

The Rwanda Dairy Competitiveness Program II (RDCP II), a five-year project implemented by Land O’Lakes across 17 districts in Rwanda, aimed to reduce poverty by improving the production and marketing of quality milk. While the program led to an overall increase in total annual GHG emissions due to larger herd sizes and increased cow weight, it significantly reduced the GHG emission intensity per liter of milk produced in both extensive and intensive production systems.

This briefing note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the impacts of large-scale private agricultural investments on local livelihoods, water resources, land tenure, and gender equality. It argues that while such investments can create employment and market opportunities, ill-designed contracts often lead to environmental degradation, water scarcity, and the marginalization of rural communities, particularly women. The document advocates for an integrated approach to planning, utilizing a 'social tenure model' and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to ensure sustainability and inclusivity.

The Loans4SME Lab Instrument Analysis describes a proposed technology-driven peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform designed to provide debt financing to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. The platform aims to bypass traditional banking barriers—such as strict collateral requirements and long sanction times—by connecting SMEs with high net worth individuals, family offices, and corporate treasuries using a proprietary credit scoring algorithm.

This case study examines the ten-year experience of FSD Kenya (2005-2015), an independent trust that applied a 'Making Markets Work for the Poor' (M4P) systems approach to deepen the Kenyan financial sector. The document analyzes the organization's impact on financial inclusion, its role in facilitating digital finance and public infrastructure, and the lessons learned from its successes and failures in capacity building and innovation.

This executive summary describes a study by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio on the economic and environmental impacts of sugarcane mill expansion in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The findings indicate that the arrival of these mills significantly restructured local municipal economies, increasing GDP, population, and tax revenues while shifting land use from pasture to sugarcane and reducing deforestation.

This issues paper examines opportunities for climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe's water resources sector to inform the National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS). It highlights the critical dependence of agriculture, power production, and mining on water availability and uses models to estimate potential impacts for 2050 and 2080.

This policy brief by the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) argues that closing 18 generators across six coal-fired power plants in Alberta would significantly reduce Canada's greenhouse gas emissions and improve public health outcomes for Albertans by reducing air pollution.

This report describes a project by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) to develop and test a Water-Energy-Food (WEF) security assessment tool (WEFsat-Mining) in Suriname. The project aimed to help decision-makers understand the interlinkages between mining operations and the environmental and social factors that contribute to community well-being, specifically focusing on the availability and access to water, energy, and food.