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This case study evaluates the potential of using a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) to implement renewable energy solutions, specifically photovoltaic (PV) panels, for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Sialkot, Pakistan. The project, supported by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), aimed to address severe energy shortages and high electricity costs in Sialkot's industrial sector.

Friends of the Earth International evaluates the Paris Agreement as a failure in achieving climate justice, arguing that it lacks binding targets, fails to hold wealthy nations accountable for emissions and financing, and leaves the door open for 'false solutions' like geoengineering.

This report analyzes how smart land use policy can help California achieve its 2030 goal of reducing carbon emissions to at least 40% below 1990 levels. Using the RapidFire model and data from the E3 California Pathways study, the authors demonstrate that compact, transit-oriented development can close the emissions gap left by technological advances alone, while providing significant economic, public health, and environmental co-benefits.

This report describes the 'Energy, Ecodevelopment and Resilience in Africa (EERA)' project, which implemented a 'Smart Energy Path' methodology in Benin, Mali, and Togo. The project focused on creating environmentally sustainable and resilient energy services through a multi-sectoral, participatory decision-making process that prioritizes collective energy services over individual household access.

This executive summary examines the effectiveness of auctions versus feed-in tariffs as project allocation mechanisms for achieving India's 2022 renewable energy targets, concluding that while auctions are generally cost-effective, they have not yet resulted in adequate deployment.

This report evaluates China's 2010 reform of residential electricity pricing, which transitioned from a flat-rate system to a tiered electricity pricing (TEP) mechanism. The reform aimed to improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and address the regressive nature of flat subsidies that disproportionately benefited high-income households. While the central government set general principles, provincial governments designed specific price ladders and volume blocks. The report analyzes the impacts on different income groups, the role of grid companies, and the challenges of public communication and operational feasibility.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) evaluates the infrastructure and effectiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI) promotion in South Africa. It examines the decentralised system of provincial investment promotion agencies (IPAs) and their relationship with the national agency, Trade and Investment South Africa (TISA). The author argues for increased strategic oversight by TISA to reduce inter-provincial competition and improve the quality and sustainability of FDI inflows, particularly in the context of the Promotion and Protection of Investment Bill of 2013.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the costs associated with India's goals to install 60 GW of wind and 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022. It compares the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of these renewables against imported coal, evaluates the cost of current support mechanisms like accelerated depreciation, and proposes alternative financing models to reduce government expenditure.

This research paper describes the development and implementation of the Heat Action Plan in Ahmedabad, India, the first such comprehensive effort in South Asia. The plan focuses on reducing heat-related morbidity and mortality through an early warning system, public awareness campaigns, and capacity building for healthcare professionals, driven by a coalition of local government, academic, and international partners.

This executive summary analyzes the causes of the reduction in deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2009, specifically evaluating whether the decline was driven by agricultural commodity prices or government conservation policies. The study concludes that conservation policies were effective, preventing the deforestation of approximately 73,000 km² of forest.

This policy brief describes a pilot study conducted as part of the Future Climate for Africa (FCFA) scoping phase to evaluate the use of medium to long-term climate information in Accra, Ghana, and Maputo, Mozambique. The study found that future climate projections are not routinely used in decision-making, which is instead driven by historical data and seasonal forecasts. The authors advocate for a 'co-exploration' approach that prioritizes place-based, multi-stressor vulnerability analysis—addressing socioeconomic and governance issues first—before integrating climate data to identify adaptation strategies.

This executive summary of a 2015 study by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) evaluates price risk mitigation policies for Brazil's agricultural sector. The authors argue that current government-led interventions, such as direct buyouts, are inefficient and fail to meet market needs, suggesting a shift toward market-based instruments like sell options and insurance to improve productivity and economic potential.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates the environmental integrity of Joint Implementation (JI) during the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period (2008–2012). The analysis finds that JI likely increased global greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 600 million tCO2e due to widespread issues with additionality, overcrediting, and a lack of international oversight under 'Track 1' procedures.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the policy tools available to East African states to develop 'national champions' in the mining sector and the legal constraints imposed by bilateral investment treaties (BITs). It evaluates ownership and performance requirements, contrasting their developmental utility with the restrictive nature of international investment law.

This executive summary analyzes the Incentive Program to Alternative Sources (PROINFA), a feed-in tariff (FiT) implemented in Brazil in the early 2000s. While the program successfully increased installed wind capacity from 29 MW in 2004 to 2,010 MW in 2012, the authors find that flaws in contract design led to systematic misreporting of capacity factors (CF) by project developers. This misreporting resulted in overpayments and a shortfall in delivered energy, suggesting that simple design changes, such as interest rate penalties on overpayments, could improve the cost-effectiveness of similar renewable energy policies.

This research paper evaluates the early operations of the Adaptation Fund, focusing on the disbursement of limited resources and the tension between equity and efficiency in its allocation processes.

This policy briefing assesses the responsiveness of the G-20 to the concerns of sub-Saharan Africa between 2008 and 2012. Using a five-factor framework—goals, international law, administrative practice, comprehensive coverage, and co-ordinated specialisation—the author evaluates G-20 summit outcomes to determine if the interests of African nations, most of which are not G-20 members, are being adequately addressed.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates the effectiveness of deforestation policies in the Brazilian Amazon, noting a significant reduction in deforestation from 2004 to 2012 followed by stagnation and a rise in 2013. The authors argue that while command-and-control measures successfully targeted large landowners, new incentive-based strategies are required to address deforestation by smallholders and in remote areas.

This policy brief examines the early implementation of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) in Cambodia. It identifies that while SAICM has provided a vision for chemicals management and spurred the development of new legislation and coordination mechanisms, significant barriers remain, including a lack of ground-level enforcement capacity and long-term funding. The document also critiques the global monitoring system of SAICM, arguing that its current indicators are insufficient to measure progress toward the '2020 goal' of minimizing adverse impacts on health and the environment.

This policy brief evaluates the implementation of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) in Tanzania. Based on interviews with 17 stakeholders and a review of government documents, the study finds that while SAICM has positively influenced national chemicals management across its five objectives, significant risks persist in the informal sector and agricultural industry, and national coordination among senior officials remains a challenge.