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Kenya developed a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) to accelerate geothermal power expansion by increasing private sector investment. The process highlighted several institutional and financial barriers, including a lack of stakeholder awareness and the rigid processes of Development Finance Institutions (DFIs). Key lessons include the need for tailored communication and a 'prospectus' approach to documenting NAMA options for donors. The NAMA aims to support 820 MW of additional capacity by 2020, contributing to a long-term goal of 5,000 MW by 2030.

The document outlines the first Biennial Assessment (BA) of climate finance flows, highlighting the critical need for an internationally agreed-upon definition of 'climate finance' to ensure transparency and track progress toward the 2 degree Celsius target. It identifies significant data gaps in energy efficiency and private sector flows, and recommends that the COP strengthen measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems to improve the comparability of global finance data.

The Future Climate For Africa (FCFA) programme, funded by DFID and NERC, aims to improve the scientific understanding of sub-Saharan African climate on decadal timescales and enhance the uptake of this information in long-term development planning. The programme's 18-month scoping phase evaluates user needs against current scientific capabilities through case studies in Malawi, Zambia, Rwanda, Accra, and Maputo. FCFA posits that technical accuracy alone is insufficient for better decision-making; instead, success depends on understanding the political economy, institutional settings, and social processes that influence how climate science is communicated and used.

The document describes the complexity of urban land markets in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the roles of various actors and the prevalence of irregular practices. It argues for a shift in policy from state-centric regulation to a model that recognizes multiple regimes of authority, including traditional and unrecognized actors, particularly in peri-urban areas where state management is limited.

The study examines the governance of urban land markets in Zimbabwe, identifying institutional challenges and the role of various actors in land delivery. It concludes that while private financing and civil society organisations offer opportunities for housing development, the planning framework lacks a clear definition of the poor, and there is a critical need for an affordable property rights registration system and a forum for institutional actors to collaborate.

The report argues that the Zero Draft of the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction lacks coherence in its organising logic and fails to sufficiently integrate critical drivers of risk such as climate change, conflict, and poverty. It recommends a restructured framework focused on minimising new risks, reducing existing risks, and managing residual risks, while calling for stronger financial commitments and a more inclusive approach to vulnerable groups and fragile states.

The CFAS Guide outlines the state of climate finance negotiations leading up to COP20 in Lima. It details the progress of the US$100 billion annual mobilization goal, the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), and the financial challenges facing the Adaptation Fund. The document also examines the role of the Standing Committee on Finance (SCF) in improving the measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of financial flows and the coordination of forest financing. Additionally, it discusses the integration of finance into Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) and the elements of the forthcoming 2015 climate agreement.

The CFAS Guide outlines the state of climate finance negotiations leading up to COP20 in Lima, focusing on long-term funding goals, the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund, and the roles of various financial mechanisms under the UNFCCC.

The CFAS Guide outlines the state of climate finance negotiations leading up to COP20 in Lima. It details the goal of mobilizing 100 billion USD annually by 2020, the role of the Standing Committee on Finance (SCF) in monitoring financial flows, and the operational progress of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), Adaptation Fund, and Global Environment Facility (GEF). The document emphasizes the need for predictability in funding, the balance between mitigation and adaptation, and the development of measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems for climate support.

The document details the first carbon and water footprint assessments for the city and municipal government of La Paz, Bolivia, using 2012 as a base year. It identifies the transport sector as the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions and the residential sector as the main contributor to the water footprint. The project led to the creation of a reduction action plan, the inclusion of environmental measures in the 2014 municipal budget, and the implementation of pilot projects such as a waste-to-energy system at the Municipal Zoo and peri-urban organic farming. Key challenges identified include data scarcity, the need for high-level political commitment, and the impact of a polarized political environment.

The report argues that a high ambition climate agreement, aiming to limit global warming to 2°C by 2100, is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. While physical climate impacts are projected to be similar across scenarios until 2030, a high ambition deal provides the policy framework, international cooperation, and finance necessary to drive green growth and reduce poverty. Conversely, a low ambition agreement (3-5°C warming) is linked to slower economic growth, higher inequality, and a significantly greater risk of failing to meet SDGs related to poverty, inequality, and global partnerships.

The document outlines a project in Hue, Vietnam, that sought to balance socioeconomic development from tourism with environmental protection. It highlights the successful promotion of 'garden houses' as a climate mitigation and tourism strategy, the importance of national policy frameworks adapted to local contexts, and the role of leadership in guiding sustainable growth. However, it notes a critical trade-off: while local initiatives can reduce emissions within the city, they cannot address the emissions generated by tourists traveling to the destination.

The report provides a guide for city practitioners to build climate resilience in African cities, specifically focusing on the challenges of informality and inequality. It proposes an eight-step process for climate compatible development that integrates climate dynamics with socioeconomic and political dimensions, ranging from developing a vision and mapping linkages to the informal sector to assessing vulnerabilities and tracking progress.

The report details an action research programme in Gorakhpur, India, aimed at incorporating climate change projections and vulnerability analysis into local disaster management planning. It highlights the use of 'Shared Learning Dialogues' and the Climate Resilience Framework to bridge gaps between national policy and local implementation, resulting in a climate-sensitive DDMP and state-level government orders to integrate disaster risk reduction into annual development plans.

The case study examines an irrigation project in Ruti, Zimbabwe, implemented by Oxfam and the government. It finds that while local adaptation efforts can significantly increase production and resilience for smallholder farmers, these gains are precarious without a broader supportive political and economic framework, especially as climate change increases the frequency and intensity of droughts and rainfall.

The document highlights the lack of a comprehensive coastal climate risk policy in Ghana and argues for the integration of community knowledge and multi-stakeholder engagement to achieve effective coastal resilience.

The report highlights the vulnerability of Colombia's road infrastructure to weather-related stressors, particularly floods and landslides, which are expected to increase in intensity and frequency due to climate change. It emphasizes the high risk to the Andean Region and the need for transportation planners to integrate climate risks, land-use changes, and institutional coordination into future investments to ensure sustainable economic development.

The paper argues that for the SDGs to deliver climate compatible development, climate change must be both a stand-alone goal and mainstreamed across all other goals. It highlights a lack of quantitative targets in the Open Working Group's draft and emphasizes the need for nationally relevant indicators and local-level resilience. The document suggests that the SDGs should complement the UNFCCC process rather than duplicate it, and calls for coordinated financing to avoid gaps in climate compatible development funding.

The report explores diverse strategies to advance international climate policy, including the adoption of a 'green growth' narrative, the application of social psychology to fairness and equity, and the use of 'clubs' or public-private technology pools to bypass traditional negotiation impasses. It specifically examines the legal interpretation of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' (CBDR), the potential of green bonds to mobilize private finance, and the 'Quisqueya Platform' for creating synergies between mitigation and adaptation in developing countries.

The report identifies a lack of specific, mainstreamed climate change policy in Zimbabwe, noting that current responses are fragmented and implementation capacity is weak. It highlights a deficiency in public awareness regarding adaptation, observing that farmers often conflate climate change effects with normal seasonal variability. Additionally, the document emphasizes the need to integrate gender issues into the national response to climate change.