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The report analyzes how different audiences perceive the intersection of climate change and health and evaluates the effectiveness of various communication frames. It finds that framing climate change as a public health issue, particularly by emphasizing the health benefits of solutions (gain framing) and the harms of air pollution, can increase public engagement and reduce political polarization. The document highlights health professionals as highly trusted messengers who are generally willing to engage in advocacy but face barriers such as lack of time and specialized knowledge. It also notes that public officials exhibit varying levels of awareness and face institutional barriers to prioritizing climate-health issues. The report concludes with a research agenda calling for more diverse geographic data, better integration of equity in messaging, and the expansion of climate-health curricula in medical education.

The report finds that low-cost, repeated behaviors like reducing food waste are significantly more common than high-cost, one-time installations like heat pumps or solar panels. While many who adopted these behaviors faced minimal difficulty, non-adopters cited lack of awareness and lack of interest for low-cost actions, and high cost and home ownership issues for high-cost technologies.

The document argues that carbon markets and offsetting mechanisms are ineffective 'false solutions' that allow major polluters to continue emitting while causing harm to ecosystems and communities, particularly in the Global South. It details the mechanisms of the UNFCCC's Article 6, various regional and national carbon pricing initiatives, and provides strategies for civil society to resist these systems through advocacy, legal action, and community mobilization.

The document argues that carbon markets and emission offsets are ineffective at reducing emissions and instead serve as a distraction for major polluters while enabling extractivism and neocolonialism, particularly in the Global South. It details the mechanisms of the UNFCCC's Article 6, including the cooperative approaches of 6.2 and the UN-managed market of 6.4, as well as various regional and national systems in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The guide concludes by offering strategies for opposition, such as policy advocacy, community awareness, and legal challenges, while providing resources for tracking carbon projects.

The International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) analyzed 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to determine which design solutions mitigate misinformation. While a systematic review of 588 empirical articles endorsed four strategies, a meta-analysis of 43 experiments validated only two: content labeling and corrective information. The report highlights significant gaps in research, noting a lack of standardized definitions, insufficient data from technology firms, and a heavy bias toward English-language studies focused on Western countries.

The 2023 IPIE expert survey of 289 researchers reveals that while reliable information and diversity of opinion are seen as hallmarks of a healthy information environment, social media platforms and political actors are viewed as primary threats across different governance regimes. Experts highlight significant failures in AI-driven content moderation and a critical lack of platform data access for researchers. The report notes a divergence in perceived threats: those studying autocracies emphasize national governments and state media, while those studying democracies are more concerned with foreign interference and climate-related disinformation.

The 2023 IPIE expert survey of 289 researchers across 54 countries identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of opinion as critical for a healthy information environment. The report highlights social media platforms and politicians as primary threats, while noting that experts in authoritarian regimes fear domestic governments more than those in democracies, who are more concerned with foreign interference. A significant majority of researchers cite the lack of access to platform data as the main obstacle to improving the understanding of the global information environment.

The 2023 IPIE expert survey identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of voices as critical for a healthy information environment. Social media platforms and politicians are cited as the primary threats globally, with specific divergences between autocracies (focused on government control) and democracies (concerned with foreign interference). A majority of experts believe the information environment will worsen in 2024, citing a lack of platform data access as a major research barrier.

The IPIE 2023 expert survey of 289 researchers reveals that accurate information and diversity of voices are the most critical elements of a healthy information environment. Social media platforms and politicians are identified as the primary threats globally, though specific concerns vary by regime type: experts in autocracies highlight state-led media and local governments, while those in democracies emphasize foreign interference and climate misinformation. A significant majority of researchers (72%) cite a lack of system data access as a major barrier to understanding the global information environment, and 54% predict the situation will worsen in 2024.

The report identifies a growing scientific consensus that content labeling and corrective information are effective at reducing the impact of disinformation on user perceptions. While other strategies like content moderation and media literacy are plausible, their effectiveness remains uncertain. The document emphasizes a critical need for more transnational, multilingual research and standardized metrics to improve the global information environment.

The IPIE analyzed 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to evaluate strategies for improving the global information environment. A scientific consensus has emerged that content labeling and corrective information are effective in reducing the influence of disinformation on user opinions. While other strategies like content moderation and media literacy are discussed, their effectiveness remains uncertain due to a lack of empirical data and standardized metrics. The report emphasizes the need for more diverse, multi-lingual research and better access to real-world data from tech companies to improve policy development.

The document synthesizes evidence from 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to evaluate strategies for improving the global information environment. It identifies a growing scientific consensus that content labeling and corrective information are effective in reducing the impact of misinformation on user perceptions. While other interventions—such as content moderation, media literacy, and advertising policy changes—are considered reasonable, the report notes that evidence for their effectiveness is less certain. The analysis highlights significant gaps in current research, specifically the over-reliance on English-language studies and Western contexts, and calls for more standardized definitions, better data access from tech companies, and cross-national, multilingual research to better inform policy interventions.

The IPIE analyzed 4,798 peer-reviewed publications, including a systematic review of 588 articles and a meta-analysis of 43 experiments, to evaluate strategies for improving the global information environment. The findings establish a scientific consensus that content labeling and corrective information are effective in reducing the impact of misinformation on user perceptions. While other interventions such as content moderation and media literacy are plausible, there is less consensus on their effectiveness due to inconsistent study designs and a lack of measurable impact data. The report highlights significant research gaps, noting that most studies are published in English and focus on Western countries, and calls for more standardized definitions, better access to platform data, and more diverse, multilingual research to better understand the global information landscape.

The document identifies content labeling and corrective information as the only two countermeasures with emerging scientific consensus and empirical validation for reducing the effects of misinformation on user perception. While other strategies like content moderation and media literacy are considered plausible, the report highlights a critical lack of robust, multi-lingual, and non-Western research, noting that less than one-fifth of studied countermeasures reported a measurable impact.

The International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) analyzed 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to identify effective countermeasures against digital misinformation. The synthesis, comprising a systematic review of 588 articles and a meta-analysis of 43 experiments from 18 publications, found emerging scientific consensus that content labeling and corrective information are effective in reducing the impact of misinformation on user beliefs. Other strategies, such as content moderation, media literacy, and reporting mechanisms, are considered acceptable but lack consistent evidence of effectiveness. The report highlights a critical need for more research involving non-English languages, diverse global geographies beyond Western countries, and access to real-world industry data to strengthen the global information environment.

The report examines the information asymmetry between social media platforms and public interest researchers, identifying technological, legal, and ethical barriers to data access. It evaluates existing mechanisms such as transparency reporting, API access, and crowdsourced data donations, while analyzing the impact of the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA) and GDPR. The authors recommend the creation of an independent intermediary body to vet researchers and the alignment of international standards to ensure a safe, transparent, and evidence-based approach to studying the societal impacts of digital platforms.

The report examines the challenges and opportunities for researchers accessing social media data, focusing on the tension between data privacy and the public interest. It analyzes current tools like APIs and transparency reports, evaluates the impact of the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA), and proposes the creation of an independent intermediary body to manage researcher accreditation and data access across liberal-democratic states.

The report identifies a global convergence of far-right groups, conspiracy theorists, and 'parents' rights' movements targeting drag events to denigrate the LGBTQ+ community. While the US is the primary driver of narratives and the only country in the set to pass anti-drag legislation, similar tactics like doxxing and harassment are appearing globally. The report highlights the use of 'save the children' and 'groomer' narratives to justify extremism and warns that these fringe tropes are becoming mainstreamed in political discourse.

The document examines the intersection of disruptive technologies and the 'total defence' concept, focusing on Norway. It argues that the rise of dual-use technologies and hybrid warfare necessitates a re-evaluation of civil-military relations and societal resilience. The authors introduce a framework consisting of temporality, performativity, and imagination to guide policy and operational adaptation. The report highlights lessons from the war in Ukraine, such as the role of commercial tech giants and the vulnerability of critical energy infrastructure, and recommends increased civil-military R&D and improved digital literacy to enhance national security.

The document examines the interplay between regulatory requirements and voluntary sustainability standards in the agricultural sector. It highlights how these instruments can drive sustainable production but may also create trade barriers for smallholder farmers and MSMEs in developing countries. The brief advocates for a 'smart mix' of mandatory and voluntary approaches, supported by technological advances in traceability and the potential development of a global 'Codex Planetarius' for minimum environmental standards.