Guía sobre los mercados de carbono y cómo combatirlos

The document argues that carbon markets and emission offsets are ineffective at reducing emissions and instead serve as a distraction for major polluters while enabling extractivism and neocolonialism, particularly in the Global South. It details the mechanisms of the UNFCCC's Article 6, including the cooperative approaches of 6.2 and the UN-managed market of 6.4, as well as various regional and national systems in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The guide concludes by offering strategies for opposition, such as policy advocacy, community awareness, and legal challenges, while providing resources for tracking carbon projects.

• Carbon markets and emission offsets are characterized as failures that do not achieve real emission reductions and act as a 'smoke screen' for major polluters to continue emitting under the guise of 'net zero' commitments.
• Carbon projects, predominantly located in the Global South due to lower costs and land availability, are linked to land grabbing, human rights violations, and the privatization of ecosystems for foreign investors.
• Under the Paris Agreement's Article 6, the 6.2 mechanism allows for bilateral and multilateral trading of 'internationally transferred mitigation outcomes' (ITMOs), while 6.4 establishes a UN-managed global carbon market for 'emission reductions' (ERs).
• The European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is described as ineffective due to industry lobbying and weak targets, and the proposed Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF) is criticized for potentially legitimizing fossil fuel infrastructure.
• Various national and regional initiatives are expanding, such as the Africa Carbon Markets Initiative (ACMI) aiming for 1.5 billion annual credits by 2050, and China's ETS, which is the world's largest by volume, covering approximately 40% of its national carbon emissions.
• The document warns against relying on 'negative emissions technologies' and carbon removals—including nature-based solutions and geoengineering like BECCS and DACCS—arguing they are unproven and risk delaying a just phase-out of fossil fuels.

APA

Masson, L., Kung, H., Race, M., Shaw, S., Booth, T., & Onodera, Y. (2023). Guía sobre los mercados de carbono y cómo combatirlos. Friends of the Earth International. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Mercados-de-carbono-guia_ATI_ES.pdf

Chicago

Masson, Lise, Hilary Kung, Madeleine Race, Sara Shaw, Tyler Booth, and Yuri Onodera. Guía sobre los mercados de carbono y cómo combatirlos. Friends of the Earth International, 2023. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Mercados-de-carbono-guia_ATI_ES.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Masson |first1=Lise |last2=Kung |first2=Hilary |last3=Race |first3=Madeleine |last4=Shaw |first4=Sara |last5=Booth |first5=Tyler |last6=Onodera |first6=Yuri |title=Guía sobre los mercados de carbono y cómo combatirlos |publisher=Friends of the Earth International |date=2023 |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Mercados-de-carbono-guia_ATI_ES.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{masson2023gua, author = {Masson, Lise and Kung, Hilary and Race, Madeleine and Shaw, Sara and Booth, Tyler and Onodera, Yuri}, title = {{Guía sobre los mercados de carbono y cómo combatirlos}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, year = {2023}, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Mercados-de-carbono-guia_ATI_ES.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }