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The document argues that public economic incentives are essential to scale up land restoration in Latin America, as the up-front costs are otherwise prohibitive for smallholder farmers and the rural poor. It highlights that land degradation costs the region approximately US $52 billion annually, while restoring a single hectare can add $1,140 in economic value. The brief analyzes programs in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru, calculating payments per tree or hectare to help policymakers optimize these incentives for carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and food security.

Initiative 20x20 is a regional partnership in Latin America and the Caribbean designed to restore degraded landscapes through reforestation, agroforestry, and silvopasture. The initiative has surpassed its initial goal of 20 million hectares and has earmarked US$2.4 billion for project financing. The program addresses the fact that at least 200 million hectares of land in the region are severely degraded and that 49% of regional emissions stem from land-use change, forestry, and agriculture.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Paris Agreement Rulebook, which operationalizes the Agreement's long-term goals through a continuous cycle of planning, implementing, and reviewing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It details key outcomes from COP24 in Katowice, including the adoption of guidelines for the Enhanced Transparency Framework, the Global Stocktake, and projected finance information. The guide also identifies unresolved issues, such as the specific length of common timeframes for NDCs and the rules governing cooperative implementation and carbon markets.

The document explains the 'Rulebook' of the Paris Agreement, which provides the detailed guidelines for the cycle of planning, implementation, and review of climate actions. It highlights key outcomes from COP24, including the adoption of common timelines for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) starting in 2031, enhanced transparency frameworks, and the modalities for the Global Stocktake. It also identifies remaining negotiation gaps, particularly regarding carbon market mechanisms and the specific duration of common implementation periods.

The document details the rules for implementing the Paris Agreement, focusing on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), transparency frameworks, and the global stocktake. It outlines key decisions from COP24, such as the requirement for common timelines for NDCs starting in 2031 and the establishment of biennial transparency reports due by December 31, 2024. It also identifies remaining negotiation gaps regarding carbon markets and the specific duration of common timelines.

The WRI Results Framework establishes a structured system to plan and evaluate programmatic progress across three primary human systems: food, land & water; energy; and cities. It sets specific global targets for 2030 and WRI intervention targets for 2027, focusing on outcomes such as reducing agricultural land demand by 100 Mha, increasing the share of zero-carbon electricity by 9% in target geographies, and improving urban climate resilience. The framework integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and utilizes a tiered approach of global, intervention, and country-specific targets, supported by impact indicators for people, nature, and climate.

This World Resources Institute working paper reports on three workshops held in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to identify challenges developing countries face in monitoring and tracking climate finance. It details nine primary technical, political, and capacity barriers, ranging from inconsistent definitions and lack of institutional coordination to the limited transparency of development partners and the difficulty of tracking private financial data.

The report argues that traditional 'gray' infrastructure alone is insufficient to meet global development goals and climate adaptation needs. It proposes a 'next generation' approach that combines built solutions with 'green' systems—such as forests, wetlands, and mangroves—to improve water supply, flood management, and hydropower efficiency. The authors provide a framework for evaluating these projects across technical, environmental, social, and economic dimensions, emphasizing that green infrastructure can lower costs, increase resilience, and empower local communities if rigorously designed and supported by enabling policies and innovative financing.

The report argues that combining natural systems—such as forests, wetlands, and mangroves—with built infrastructure can lower costs and increase resilience against climate change. It provides a technical, social, and economic framework for project appraisal and highlights the need for enabling policies and innovative financing to mainstream these 'next generation' infrastructure solutions.

The document outlines how governments monitor climate finance to ensure alignment with climate goals. It highlights that as of 2022, approximately 50 countries—mostly developing nations—have processes to assess climate spending. A key tool discussed is climate budget tagging, used by about 23 countries as of 2023 to identify climate-relevant budget allocations. The guide details specific tagging approaches used in countries like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Colombia, Nepal, Peru, and the Philippines, and defines the essential components of an effective tagging program, including transparent methodology, appropriate tools, institutional commitment, and strategic frameworks.

The report describes the transition of Global Forest Watch from GFW 1.0, which relied on laborious manual data collection and paper maps in pilot countries, to GFW 2.0, a transformative online platform launched in 2014. Developed through a partnership between the World Resources Institute, Google, and the University of Maryland, GFW 2.0 utilizes satellite data and cloud computing to provide near real-time deforestation alerts. The platform is used by corporations like Nestlé and Unilever to clean supply chains, by indigenous communities to protect ancestral lands, and by civil society to fight illegal logging. Notably, the document highlights that communities in Peru using GFW have reduced deforestation rates by at least 58%.

The document outlines the achievements of the Global Commission on Adaptation, specifically the role of the World Resources Institute (WRI) in co-managing the initiative. It highlights the 'Adapt Now' report, which argues that climate adaptation is a human, environmental, and economic imperative, with benefit-cost ratios for investments ranging from 2:1 to 10:1. The report details a 'Year of Action' that mobilized over 170 partners across tracks including finance, agriculture, resilient cities, and nature-based solutions. Key outcomes include the mobilization of $790 million for small-scale food producers, the creation of the 'Principles for Locally Led Adaptation', and the launch of the '1,000 Cities Adapt Now' program. The document concludes by calling for scaled-up climate finance for developing countries and the integration of climate risks into national budgetary and policy decisions.

Debt-for-nature swaps allow countries to refinance debts in exchange for redirecting funds toward conservation. Through the US Tropical Forest and Coral Reef Conservation Act (TFCCA), these agreements are on pace to invest over $380 million across 14 countries to protect tropical forests and coral reef ecosystems. Examples include a 2002 agreement in Peru to preserve 27.5 million acres of forest and a 2004 agreement in Colombia to protect regions such as the El Tuparro Biosphere Reserve.

The document describes El Niño as a natural Pacific Ocean cycle that is being strengthened and made more frequent by climate change. It highlights the resulting increase in coral bleaching, particularly around the Galápagos Islands, and the broader global risks including severe droughts in India and the Horn of Africa, and heavier rains in the United States. The text notes that the 2026 El Niño event is breaking temperature records, with NOAA predicting it will reach "very strong" levels. WWF is responding by using its Oceans Futures platform to mitigate fisheries conflict and restoring mangroves in countries such as Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador to improve coastal resilience.

The blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) is a seabird found on islands off the Pacific coast of South America, including the Galápagos Islands, Peru, and Mexico's Gulf of California. Its distinctive blue feet are derived from nutrients in fresh fish and serve as an indicator of the bird's health and nourishment, influencing mate selection. The species is a skilled diver, capable of reaching depths of 80 feet, but faces risks to its food sources due to climate change and ocean acidification.

In the Madre de Dios region of Peru, WWF Peru and the Wildlife Adaptation Innovation Fund established three 'safe zones' covering 75.5 acres of riparian area to protect water sources for jaguars and other wildlife from livestock degradation. The project combined active reforestation of 30 acres with 5,000 native seedlings and the installation of 2.7 miles of electric fencing to prevent livestock encroachment. Monitoring via camera traps confirmed the absence of livestock and the successful return of jaguars to the project area, where they had not been detected previously. Long-term sustainability is supported by community engagement and financial mechanisms including payments for ecosystem services and ecotourism partnerships.

The Amazon is the world's largest rainforest and river system, containing one in 10 known species on Earth and storing between 90 billion and 140 billion metric tons of carbon. It is currently threatened by deforestation driven by cattle ranching, soy farming, and infrastructure, as well as climate change, which has caused rainfall to decline across 69% of the forest since 2000. WWF is implementing conservation strategies such as the Amazon Region Protected Areas program in Brazil to maintain a network of 120 protected areas.

The TPP partner countries are major global players in the trade of natural resources, accounting for 33% of the global marine catch and 34% of global timber and pulp production. WWF argues that without conservation measures, illegal and unsustainable trade undermines law-abiding businesses, drives corruption, and threatens biodiversity. Specifically, illegal fishing is estimated to cost between $10 billion and $23.5 billion annually, while illegal logging can depress global timber prices by up to 16%. The document recommends that the TPP prohibit trade in resources harvested in violation of national laws, enforce multilateral environmental agreements, and implement disciplines on subsidies that lead to overfishing.

The 'Food is Local' fellowship by WWF International provides funding for master's and PhD students from 32 eligible countries to conduct interdisciplinary research on transforming food systems to be more sustainable, equitable, and climate-resilient. Eligible applicants must be citizens of the listed countries, have two years of conservation experience, and plan to start their studies by January 2024. Research proposals are encouraged to cover themes such as agroecological practices, gender equity, and the role of food systems in achieving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

The document argues that Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are underutilized for climate change adaptation because policy makers and practitioners often perceive them only as biodiversity measures rather than critical tools for flood control, drought mitigation, and coastal protection. It identifies several barriers, including institutional silos, a lack of robust performance metrics, and the prioritization of familiar engineered solutions. To address these, the briefing recommends cross-sectoral communication, the use of participatory and inclusive approaches, and the integration of NbS into educational curricula. It highlights successful initiatives such as the Nature-based Solutions Initiative (NBSI) and specific projects in Grenada, Peru, and Sub-Saharan Africa as models for increasing awareness and mainstreaming NbS.