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The document examines the potential for Mozambique's hydrocarbon wealth to supplant its chronic reliance on foreign aid, particularly from the G19 group of Western donors. While resource revenues could increase government autonomy and shift commercial partnerships toward Asia and South America, the author warns that this may replace aid dependence with a new dependence on foreign capital and technology. The brief highlights risks such as the 'resource curse', rent-seeking, and the limited local economic impact of capital-intensive 'mega-projects', recommending that the government integrate resource strategies with broader development goals and that donors shift from budget support to targeted sectoral funding.

The Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue (SAD) standards provide a comprehensive framework to minimize the negative environmental and social impacts of salmon farming. The standards cover seven key principles: legal compliance, conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem function, protection of wild populations, efficient resource use, responsible disease and parasite management, social responsibility in farm operations, and community engagement. Specific performance thresholds are set for benthic health, water quality, sea lice levels, feed sustainability (including Forage Fish Dependency Ratios), and labor rights. The standards are designed to be implemented by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) through third-party certification, requiring 100% compliance and high levels of data transparency.

The Barbados Declaration, issued by the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) in May 2012, emphasizes the urgent need for SIDS to transition to renewable energy to mitigate economic vulnerabilities caused by high dependency on imported fossil fuels. The document identifies wind, solar, geothermal, and ocean energy as commercially feasible options and calls for increased financial support, technology transfer, and capacity building from developed nations and international organizations. It reaffirms the importance of the Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA) and the Mauritius Strategy of Implementation (MSI) as blueprints for sustainable development.

The document outlines key messages from a 2012 expert meeting on REDD+, emphasizing that safeguard information systems (SIS) can leverage existing national and international reporting architectures to reduce costs. It argues that private sector involvement is essential for bridging financing gaps and providing technical expertise, but requires policy certainty, particularly regarding carbon credit ownership and trading rights. The briefing suggests a 'nested approach' for resource mobilization and calls for further capacity building in MRV and benefit-sharing systems.

The document outlines findings from an expert meeting on REDD+, emphasizing that safeguard information systems (SIS) can be built upon existing national and international architectures rather than requiring new methodologies. It highlights that private sector participation is essential for closing financial gaps and providing technical expertise, provided there is policy clarity, particularly regarding carbon credit ownership. The briefing also suggests the 'nested approach' as a promising policy option for resource mobilization and calls for continued capacity building in MRV and benefit-sharing systems.

The document examines the 2011 Indonesian forest moratorium, highlighting its role in improving data transparency through the Indicative Moratorium Map and the necessity of private sector buy-in. It identifies critical challenges in monitoring, enforcement, and vertical coordination between national and local governments, while suggesting that the moratorium period be used to reform licensing and spatial planning to balance economic growth with climate goals.

The report argues that a universally applied market-based instrument (MBI), specifically a cap-and-trade scheme, is the most effective and politically feasible way to address emissions from international transport. To comply with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR), the report proposes a governance structure where revenues or allowances are selectively disbursed to ensure no net incidence on developing countries. The remaining value would be transferred to the Green Climate Fund and used for fuel-efficiency improvements. The author concludes that an emissions trading system (ETS) is superior to levy-based systems because it avoids being classified as an international tax and does not require the direct funding of an international organisation or the hypothecation of national fiscal revenues.

The RACER method shifts Arctic conservation from focusing on current vulnerabilities to identifying 'key features'—areas of exceptional biological productivity and diversity—that act as sources of ecological strength. By analyzing these features and the drivers that fuel them, RACER predicts whether these sources of resilience will persist through the 21st century using General Circulation Models (GCMs). The guide provides a framework for mapping these features and includes pilot case studies for the Beaufort Continental Coast and Shelf (marine) and Eastern Chukotka (terrestrial) to illustrate how the tool can be used to safeguard ecosystem services and biodiversity in a rapidly warming region.

The Clipore program, funded with over 100 MSEK, conducted socio-economic research from 2004 to 2011 to support international climate policy. It focused on emissions trading systems in Europe and the United States, provided inputs to the UNFCCC agenda, and examined the communication dynamics between science and policy stakeholders.

The document reports on a side event at the 17th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC in Durban, where delegates and experts discussed the economic and environmental benefits of phasing out fossil fuel subsidies. It highlights the disparity between the US$100 billion Green Climate Fund and the US$400–600 billion in annual global fossil fuel subsidies. The report details the activities of the 'Friends of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform' group, the challenges of political economy in implementing reforms, and proposals to integrate subsidy reform into Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) and the Rio+20 conference.

The report identifies significant government support for Russia's upstream oil and gas sector, totaling US$8.1 billion in 2009 and US$14.4 billion in 2010. These subsidies, primarily in the form of tax holidays and export duty exemptions, are heavily skewed toward the development of new fields in frontier areas, particularly the Arctic, rather than improving recovery efficiency at existing fields. The study highlights the environmental risks associated with Arctic expansion and argues that reforming these subsidies is essential for decarbonizing the economy and meeting international commitments.

The report provides a comprehensive inventory of state support for Russia's oil and gas sector, identifying 30 federal subsidy schemes. It quantifies 17 of these at 8.1 billion USD in 2009 and 14.4 billion USD in 2010, noting a significant increase driven by tax breaks for new fields in Eastern Siberia. The analysis highlights a policy bias toward the extensive development of new fields, particularly in the Arctic, over intensive improvements in energy efficiency and recovery rates. It argues that such subsidies increase environmental risks in fragile ecosystems and contradict Russia's international commitments to phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.

The report details the outcomes of a conference on the legacy of wartime rape, emphasizing that sexual violence in conflict is a complex societal issue affecting victims, families, and communities. It identifies significant gaps in research regarding perpetrators and the long-term life histories of victims and children born of war. The document advocates for a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to support, the development of international guidelines for the rights of victims, and increased political pressure to prosecute perpetrators.

The report identifies nine subsidies for oil and gas production in Norway, with six costing approximately NOK 25.5 billion (US$ 4 billion) in 2009. These include tax reimbursements for exploration, accelerated investment deductions, R&D grants, and infrastructure provision by Gassco and the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, as well as special treatment for the Snøhvit field. The analysis focuses on the effects of the three largest subsidies on government revenue, employment, and carbon emissions, while recommending improved transparency for subsidy expenditures.

The Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) is a demand-led alliance of NGOs, a think tank, and a private sector firm that provides research, advisory services, and knowledge sharing to help developing countries achieve low-carbon, climate-resilient futures. Operating in over 40 countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean, CDKN focuses on four strategic themes: development strategies, access to climate finance, disaster risk management, and support for climate negotiators from vulnerable nations. The network has supported policy changes in 23 countries and manages an annual disbursement of £20 million.

The document is a compilation of research abstracts covering a wide array of climate-related topics. Key themes include the equity of burden-sharing in climate finance, the operationalization of REDD+ and MRV systems, the integration of adaptation into development planning (mainstreaming), and the transition to low-carbon energy systems. It examines specific case studies in regions such as Bangladesh, Mozambique, Nepal, and the Congo Basin, while analyzing global policy mechanisms like the UNFCCC, the Copenhagen Accord, and the Cancun Agreements.

This fact sheet outlines a series of global events, publications, and policy agreements from 1962 to 2012 that have shaped the concept of sustainable development. It tracks the progression from early environmental warnings, such as the publication of Silent Spring, through the establishment of major international bodies like the UNEP and IPCC, to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol and the Millennium Development Goals. The timeline highlights the increasing intersection of environmental protection, economic policy, and social equity, noting the rise of the 'green economy' and the critical role of both developed and emerging nations, particularly China, in the global energy transition.

The policy brief examines the 'letting others lead' approach of European states toward the regulation of commercial military services. It contends that the perceived restrictiveness of European frameworks is an illusion, as core military tasks are routinely outsourced and regulations are often interpreted permissively or bypassed. This lack of internal rigor leads European states to relegate regulatory initiative to allies (such as the US and UK), multi-stakeholder codes of conduct, and industry self-regulation, which further fragments the global regulatory landscape and reduces accountability.

The policy brief examines the growing but under-reported reliance on private companies for military services across Europe. It contends that unlike the US and UK, European states maintain 'hybrid' arrangements where the state remains closely linked to market actors, which masks the extent of commercialization and prevents public democratic debate. The author identifies four drivers of this trend—technological, economic, strategic, and public management processes—and argues that the resulting lack of clear accountability benefits security professionals who prefer to avoid public scrutiny.

The report analyzes the geopolitical tensions arising from natural gas discoveries in the Cyprus Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), particularly the conflict between the Republic of Cyprus (RoC) and Turkey. It explores how these resources could either catalyze a political settlement or exacerbate regional instability. Additionally, it provides a comparative analysis of wealth management, contrasting the 'resource curse' seen in Sudan with the successful 'Norwegian model' to offer guidance for Cyprus on avoiding economic pitfalls like 'Dutch disease'.