Государственная поддержка добычи нефти и газа в России: какой ценой?

The report provides a comprehensive inventory of state support for Russia's oil and gas sector, identifying 30 federal subsidy schemes. It quantifies 17 of these at 8.1 billion USD in 2009 and 14.4 billion USD in 2010, noting a significant increase driven by tax breaks for new fields in Eastern Siberia. The analysis highlights a policy bias toward the extensive development of new fields, particularly in the Arctic, over intensive improvements in energy efficiency and recovery rates. It argues that such subsidies increase environmental risks in fragile ecosystems and contradict Russia's international commitments to phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.

• Federal subsidies for oil and gas production in Russia increased significantly from 8.1 billion USD in 2009 to 14.4 billion USD in 2010.
• The primary drivers for the increase in subsidies between 2009 and 2010 were the introduction of export duty exemptions for new fields in Eastern Siberia and tax holidays for the Mineral Extraction Tax (MET) in regions such as the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
• Tax breaks on the Mineral Extraction Tax (MET) and export duties constituted the largest portion of quantified subsidies, totaling 9.8 billion USD in 2010, or 68% of the total.
• Subsidies for oil and gas production in Russia were equivalent to 4.2% of the value of all oil and gas produced in 2009 and 6.0% in 2010.
• Production under three Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs)—Sakhalin-1, Sakhalin-2, and Kharyaga—resulted in subsidies estimated at 5.4 billion USD in 2008, 3.5 billion USD in 2009, and 4.9 billion USD in 2010.
• Russian state policy heavily favors the extensive development of new fields, especially in the Arctic, while neglecting the intensive path of increasing recovery rates and energy efficiency.
• The actual oil recovery coefficient in Russia was only 20% in 2009, significantly lower than in the US (35%) or the North Sea province (46%).
• Subsidies for the oil and gas sector encourage expansion into the Arctic despite significant gaps in scientific knowledge, inadequate project management, and a lack of technical capacity to clean up oil spills in ice conditions.
• The report identifies 30 federal subsidy schemes, including direct funding, tax expenditures, and the provision of state-owned resources at below-market prices.
• Transfer pricing loopholes allowed oil and gas companies to minimize tax payments by several billion dollars per year, though a new law effective January 1, 2012, is expected to eliminate this form of support.

APA

Герасимчук, И. (2012). Государственная поддержка добычи нефти и газа в России: какой ценой? International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/ffs_awc_russia_ru.pdf

Chicago

Герасимчук, Иветта. Государственная поддержка добычи нефти и газа в России: какой ценой? International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2012. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/ffs_awc_russia_ru.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Герасимчук |first1=Иветта |title=Государственная поддержка добычи нефти и газа в России: какой ценой? |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=February 2012 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/ffs_awc_russia_ru.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{2012, author = {Герасимчук, Иветта}, title = {{Государственная поддержка добычи нефти и газа в России: какой ценой?}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2012}, month = feb, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/ffs_awc_russia_ru.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }