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AgDevCo utilizes concessional capital and technical assistance to develop commercially viable agri-businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa, exemplified by the establishment of Zambia's first commercial seed potato producer, Saise Farming Enterprises Ltd. The organization leverages a mix of private and DFI funding to de-risk investments and build climate-resilient agricultural value chains.

The World Food Program (WFP), funded by DFID, provided unconditional cash transfers and food vouchers to over 24,000 vulnerable households in Mozambique following severe droughts (2015-16) and cyclones (2019). The program, implemented with the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Action and the National Institute of Social Action, improved food security and climate resilience, particularly for the poorest households. The document highlights the necessity of vulnerability data and reliable distribution mechanisms for such programs and notes similar safety net initiatives across Sub-Saharan Africa that could integrate adaptation benefits and access climate finance.

The African Risk Capacity (ARC) operates as a mutual insurance company and agency to help African Union members manage climate shocks through weather-index insurance. Since 2014, ARC Ltd has provided USD 720 million in coverage and paid USD 65 million in claims, primarily targeting the agriculture sector. Participation requires the use of Africa RiskView (ARV) software to define payout thresholds based on rainfall deviation. The program's viability depends on robust subnational climate data, government technical expertise in sovereign insurance, and high-level political awareness.

The Restoration Insurance Service Company (RISCO) is a social enterprise piloting a model in the Philippines and Vietnam to protect mangroves by monetizing their flood reduction and carbon sequestration values. RISCO generates revenue through annual fees paid by insurance companies for reduced risk exposure and the sale of blue carbon credits. The model aims to benefit coastal communities, asset owners, and insurance companies, with Kenya identified as a potential site for replication in Africa due to its mangrove cover and growing non-life insurance market.

TCX addresses currency and interest risk in emerging and frontier markets by providing long-term fixed- and inflation-linked cross-currency and interest rate swaps. Since 2013, it has de-risked nearly USD 8.4 billion of external lending across 70 currencies. In 2020, Sub-Saharan Africa was the second most active region, representing 19% of de-risked finance (USD 187 million) across 18 countries. The model relies on high-credit-rated counterparties, such as development finance institutions, to manage credit risk and connect solutions to end-clients. While 70% of 2020 supported financing targeted microfinance and SMEs, infrastructure and renewable energy projects accounted for approximately 6%.

The document describes Cooling as a Service (CaaS) as a pay-per-service model that removes upfront costs for customers by having service providers own and maintain energy-efficient cooling equipment. It highlights the role of sale-leaseback arrangements with banks to scale financing and identifies Nigeria's ColdHubs as a practical application for solar-powered cold storage. The text also notes the importance of legal frameworks, national energy efficiency policies, and the potential for CaaS implementation in 21 countries that prioritized urban planning in their NDCs.

The Agriculture and Climate Risk Enterprise (ACRE) provides index insurance to smallholder farmers in Africa, utilizing mobile technology and solar-powered weather stations to trigger rapid payouts for yield loss. By 2018, the program insured over 1.7 million farmers in Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda, covering crops such as maize and coffee against drought, storms, and excess rain. The model relies on a 50% premium subsidy shared between farmers and agribusiness partners, and leverages mobile money platforms like M-PESA to reduce operational costs and accelerate claims settlement. The document identifies critical success factors for scaling, including robust local climate data, progressive regulation, and the high adoption of mobile money across Africa.

The Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), launched by the Ethiopian government in 2005, provides cash or food transfers to over 8 million households to address chronic food insecurity and climate shocks. Integrated into the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy, the program's fifth phase (Phase V), initiated in November 2020 via the Strengthen Ethiopia’s Adaptive Safety Net Project (SEASN), is supported by a diverse funding pool including the World Bank, USAID, UK FCDO, and the Government of Ethiopia. The program utilizes public works, such as building terraced hill slopes, to enhance water retention and climate adaptation.

The Social Success Note (SSN) is a 5-year, USD 500,000 working capital loan provided by the UBS Optimus Foundation to the NGO Impact Water to install water purification systems in Ugandan schools. The model utilizes a repayment structure where schools use fuel savings from not boiling water to pay back interest-free loans. The instrument incorporates outcome-based payments from the Rockefeller Foundation and monitoring by Yunus Social Business, aiming to provide 1.4 million children with clean water. While currently implemented in Uganda, Nigeria, and Kenya, the document suggests this concessional instrument is suited for countries with low sovereign credit ratings and limited capital markets.

The Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) and Rabobank Foundation established a USD 2.25 million mechanism in Ethiopia to mitigate risk for lenders providing loans to coffee farmers for processing equipment. By guaranteeing 50% of losses from defaults, the scheme enabled over 23 cooperatives to access commercial credit, supported by technical assistance from CABI and Rabobank International Advisory Services. The document highlights the complementary roles of high-risk appetite philanthropic/DFI funds and low-risk commercial banks, while outlining the legal and pipeline requirements necessary for successful credit guarantee schemes in agriculture.

The R4 Rural Resilience Initiative, launched in 2011 by the World Food Program and Oxfam America, employs a four-pronged strategy—risk reduction, risk transfer, prudent risk-taking, and risk reserves—to help farmers adapt to climate risks. By 2020, the program provided index insurance and complementary services to nearly 180,000 farmers across ten countries, leveraging existing government safety nets and community partnerships to scale its impact.

The Smallholder Forestry Vehicle (SFV) is a financial mechanism that packages tree production partnership contracts from smallholder farmers to attract institutional investors. By separating asset risk from operating company risk, it lowers the cost of capital and reduces transaction costs. As of July 2020, Komaza had partnered with 25,000 farmers in Kenya and planted over 6 million trees, securing a USD 28 million Series B funding round from various impact investors and funds.

The authors apply the 4Es framework and "mechanisms of social change" (MOSC) language to map solar mini-grid projects in northern Kenya. This approach aims to identify the causal mechanisms that lead to both positive and negative socio-economic and ecological outcomes, providing a tool to improve the design of future climate adaptation interventions in low-income countries.

The Cooling Facility aims to integrate gender equality into sustainable cooling investments across Bangladesh, El Salvador, Kenya, Malawi, North Macedonia, Panama, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, and Sri Lanka. The report identifies systemic gender gaps in labor force participation, financial access, and STEM education, while noting that women are disproportionately affected by limited access to cooling. It proposes a strategic approach involving sex-disaggregated data collection, targeted financial products for female entrepreneurs, and capacity building to increase women's roles as employees and consumers in the cooling sector.

As of 31 July 2021, the GCF pipeline includes 89 funding proposals requesting USD 6.4 billion and 350 concept notes requesting USD 15.9 billion. The report details the distribution of these requests by sector, region, and theme, while also tracking the progress of the Simplified Approval Process (SAP) pilot, specific requests for proposals (RFPs) such as REDD-plus and MSME, and the status of 65 active Project Preparation Facility applications.

The document provides a comprehensive guide to adaptation communications (ADCOMs), which are voluntary reports used by countries to share climate adaptation priorities and needs. It outlines the four primary goals of ADCOMs: increasing the visibility of adaptation, strengthening support for developing countries, providing data for the global stocktake, and enhancing global learning. The text details flexible submission methods—standalone, in conjunction with, or as a component of other documents like NDCs or NAPs—and lists optional content elements ranging from national circumstances to gender-responsive actions. Finally, it explains how countries can leverage existing NAP processes to develop their ADCOMs, even if a final NAP document is not yet complete.

The document examines the G7 proposal for taxing the digitalised economy, specifically the OECD's Pillar 1 and Pillar 2. It argues that the US-led amendments—including a 15% global minimum effective tax rate and high revenue thresholds for Pillar 1—disadvantage African nations. The brief highlights that many MNEs operate in Africa without a physical presence, exploiting loopholes to avoid tax. It warns that the proposed rules may force African countries to surrender unilateral taxing rights (like Digital Service Taxes) without gaining significant revenue, as most MNEs in Africa fall below the G7's high thresholds. The authors advocate for a UN-led global tax body to ensure greater legitimacy and equity.

The proposal seeks USD 299,846 to help Honduras integrate climate resilience into its post-pandemic and post-disaster economic recovery. The project focuses on using the Green Economy Model (GEM) to quantify impacts, conducting stakeholder consultations to prioritize interventions, and developing a concrete investment plan. This will culminate in three pre-feasibility studies and at least one project concept note for future GCF funding. The initiative is aligned with the national Reconstruction and Sustainable Development Plan (PRDS) and is implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The document is a formal reporting form submitted by Pegasus Capital Advisors (PCA) to the Green Climate Fund regarding the environmental and social safeguards (ESS) for the CRAFT project. The project is classified as Category I-2 and targets several developing countries. It confirms that an Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) was disclosed on September 1, 2021, in multiple languages, including English, Arabic, French, Malay, Portuguese, and Spanish, to ensure accessibility in the target countries and for National Designated Authorities.

The report assesses a financial intermediary, Nithio, that employs a Risk Analytics Engine to provide loans to solar distributors in Sub-Saharan Africa. By using AI, demographic, and geospatial data to forecast customer repayment risk, the instrument aims to move beyond the top 10 regional developers and reach smaller, local distributors and last-mile customers. The instrument has raised USD 23 million and targets a deployment of USD 500 million by 2029, with projected environmental impacts including the abatement of 93,000 metric tons of CO2e per year by 2025.