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This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development evaluates the financial support required for India to meet its 2030 clean energy goals across five key technologies: battery energy storage systems (BESSs), solar photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs), offshore wind, and green hydrogen (GH2). It identifies cost gaps—the amount costs must drop to reach parity with conventional technologies—and assesses whether current government subsidies are sufficient to bridge these gaps.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines India's exposure to transboundary climate risks (TCRs), which occur when climate impacts or mitigation/adaptation actions in one jurisdiction create threats for another. The document synthesizes current knowledge through data analysis, literature reviews, and a 2023 science-policy dialogue in Delhi to advocate for urgent research and stronger adaptation planning to protect India's economy and vulnerable populations.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute argues for a holistic approach to menstrual policy that integrates social and environmental factors, moving beyond a narrow focus on waste and product choice to address menstrual justice, climate change impacts, and structural inequalities.

This research paper analyzes the 'magnetic pull' of BRICS, exploring why non-member states seek to join the informal group. It argues that while initial appeal was based on economic credentials and promises of systemic reform, the group has transitioned toward more strategic outreach. The author examines the evolution of BRICS through its 2010 and 2023 expansions and the 2024 Kazan summit, highlighting the role of 'compound soft power' and the challenges of maintaining internal cohesion amidst rapid growth.

This research paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can drive economic growth, enhance security, and foster international cooperation among the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). It argues that while AI cooperation is currently nascent, it can help these nations challenge Western dominance in technology and governance, provided they align their diverse regulatory approaches and address challenges like job displacement and economic imbalances.

This research paper examines the human rights records of the BRICS nations, arguing that there is a significant gap between the human rights protections declared in their constitutions and their actual implementation. The authors express concern that the expansion of BRICS to include more autocratic regimes may create a safe haven for governments seeking to avoid Western-led human rights sanctions while pursuing economic and geopolitical dominance.

This executive summary from the Climate Policy Initiative outlines the state of green finance in India, noting that while tracked finance reached a peak in 2021/22, further scaling is required to meet climate targets. It details the domestic and international composition of mitigation and adaptation finance and proposes four priority areas for accelerating green finance, including the development of a green taxonomy and enhanced data collection.

This research paper examines India's agricultural subsidy regime, focusing on the Minimum Support Price (MSP) and input subsidies for fertilizer, power, and irrigation. While these tools have been critical for food security and farmer livelihoods, they face criticism for inequity and environmental impacts. The author argues that subsidies are essential for small farmers and cannot be easily replaced by direct income transfers due to infrastructure gaps.

The Center for International Environmental Law reports that COP29 failed to deliver on climate ambition, human rights, and finance. Key failures include an insufficient New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) of 300 billion USD, the operationalization of carbon markets without strong human rights safeguards, and a lack of agreement on the Just Transition Work Programme. The report also highlights the restrictive civic space in Azerbaijan and the continued underfunding of the Fund for responding to Loss and Damage.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides a guide for developing financial instruments for climate adaptation, drawing on a decade of experience from the Global Innovation Lab for Climate Finance (The Lab). It identifies key barriers to adaptation finance—such as high perceived risk, limited investor awareness, and a lack of bankable pipelines—and outlines a five-step framework for structuring successful instruments: defining a resilience thesis, building robust pipelines, strategic funder engagement, cultivating collaborations, and measuring impact.

This research paper by Ranja Sengupta analyzes the role and impact of agricultural subsidies in India, specifically focusing on price support and input subsidies. It argues that while these mechanisms face criticism for inefficiency and environmental impact, they remain essential for rural livelihoods, food security, and protecting small farmers against global market volatility and the effects of developed nations' agricultural subsidies.

This research paper examines the strategic importance of South Africa's G20 presidency, which begins on 1 December 2024. The author argues that South Africa is uniquely positioned to advocate for the reform of global debt governance and the integration of sustainable finance to address Africa's severe sovereign debt crisis and climate vulnerabilities.

The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025 evaluates 63 countries and the European Union, representing 90% of global emissions, across emissions, renewables, and climate policy. While renewable energy shares have increased in 61 of the 64 assessed entities over the last five years, the report finds that many high-emitting nations continue to rely on fossil fuels, leaving the top three overall ranks vacant.

This fact sheet from RMI explains the role of supply-side policies in driving investment and production of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), including battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles, across eight key global markets.

This report examines gender-equitable participation in climate adaptation decision-making, analyzing barriers and enablers across global and national scales with a specific focus on women. It utilizes secondary data from Vietnam, Ecuador, Madagascar, and India, and employs the Gender at Work Framework to propose interventions and recommendations for policy actors, CSOs, and international agencies.

This research paper evaluates the alignment between the New Development Bank's (NDB) strategic goals and its actual lending practices from 2016 to 2023. It finds that while the NDB has expanded its mandate to support climate action and sustainable development, it struggles to meet its targets for local currency financing and non-sovereign lending.

This report presents a roadmap developed by the Adaptation Without Borders partnership following a 2023 science-policy dialogue involving 45 regional stakeholders. The roadmap provides 15 recommendations to address cascading climate risks in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, focusing on research, policy, and implementation.

A briefing by the NewClimate Institute reporting that global warming projections for 2100 have remained stagnant since 2021, with current policies leading to a median projected warming of 2.7°C.

This research paper examines the governance challenges of solar radiation modification (SRM), arguing that the current fragmented landscape risks unilateral deployment and the marginalization of the Global South. The authors advocate for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to formally integrate SRM into its agenda, specifically suggesting COP29 in Baku as a starting point to ensure that ethical, social, and justice-based considerations guide the technology's development.

This policy brief by the NewClimate Institute examines the inclusion of non-CO2 emissions (methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases) in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), highlighting a general lack of gas-specific quantitative targets and focusing on the potential for China to increase its ambition in the next NDC cycle.