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The 'Phasing out plan for fossil fuel subsidies' is a report by the Netherlands Ministry of Climate Policy and Green Growth, published in October 2025. It outlines the Dutch government's strategy to eliminate fossil fuel subsidies through a 'Whole of Government Approach,' focusing on international cooperation, European Union alignment, and national policy adjustments. The plan emphasizes the 'polluter pays' principle and utilizes both an 'external costs approach' and an 'inventory approach' to identify and quantify fossil fuel benefits, which amounted to 18.0 billion euros in 2024.

The 'Uitfaseerplan fossiele brandstofsubsidies' is a report by the Dutch Ministry of Climate and Green Growth (published via IISD) detailing the Netherlands' strategy to phase out fossil fuel subsidies. The plan emphasizes a 'Whole of Government Approach' and focuses on international and European cooperation to prevent carbon leakage and maintain a level playing field. It outlines specific national measures, including the use of an 'external costs approach' to identify pricing gaps, and provides a detailed inventory of existing subsidies, categorizing them by their phase-out status and legal constraints.

This research paper by RMI proposes the establishment of a government-led Advance Market Commitment (AMC) to scale carbon removal technologies. It argues that current voluntary and compliance markets are insufficient to meet the gigaton-scale requirements needed by midcentury and provides a framework for governments to coordinate demand, harmonize standards, and catalyze private investment to bridge the funding and deployment gap.

This research paper analyzes Nigeria's potential to become a key supplier of critical minerals (such as lithium, cobalt, and copper) for the global energy transition. While Nigeria possesses vast reserves valued at over USD 700 billion, the sector is hindered by severe underinvestment in exploration and a lack of functional processing infrastructure. The report emphasizes a shift toward domestic value addition—rejecting raw ore exports in favor of local battery and component manufacturing—and highlights the influence of foreign investments, particularly from China. It recommends a comprehensive national strategy and massive infrastructure investment to move from raw material extraction to high-value downstream production.

A statement by the World Resources Institute (WRI) urging the European Commission to reject a proposed second delay of the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) enforcement to December 2026, arguing that such a postponement undermines global climate commitments and businesses that have already invested in compliance.

This policy brief by the NewClimate Institute examines the European Union's new Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships (CTIPs), starting with negotiations launched in March 2025 with South Africa. The document outlines how CTIPs are intended to align EU industrial policy with external action to diversify supply chains and foster clean energy cooperation, while providing a more flexible, sector-specific alternative to comprehensive Free Trade Agreements.

The executive summary of the 2025 Stocktake report by the Net Zero Tracker analyzes the prevalence and integrity of net-zero targets across national, subnational, and corporate entities as of September 2025, noting a rise in total targets despite political headwinds and significant gaps in target robustness.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics debunks common myths about renewable energy, demonstrating that solar and wind are now the cheapest and most efficient power sources. It provides evidence that renewables are reliable when integrated with storage, have lower wildlife and environmental impacts than fossil fuels, and occupy minimal land. The document specifically clarifies that a 2025 blackout in the Iberian Peninsula was caused by grid failures rather than renewable energy usage.

This reflection paper provides preliminary scoping insights for the second European Climate Risk Assessment (EUCRA-2), drawing on the experience of the EUCRA-1 core team and expert consultations held in early 2025.

This fact sheet by the World Resources Institute outlines the current state of the global circular economy, emphasizing the urgent need to reduce resource consumption to combat climate change and biodiversity loss. It highlights the disparity in material footprints between high- and low-income populations, the leadership and challenges of the European Union, and the stagnation of global resource productivity since 2000.

The China Energy Transition Review 2025 by Ember analyzes China's rapid shift toward clean energy and electrification, detailing how its domestic policies and manufacturing scale are driving down global costs and pushing global fossil fuel demand toward a structural decline.

The document details the phased reporting milestones of the European Methane Regulation (MER) for imported oil and gas, from 2025 to 2030. It highlights the difficulty importers face in obtaining production segment data and proposes a hybrid solution to attribute methane emissions while balancing environmental integrity with market practicality.

This case study by Ember examines the underreporting of methane emissions at the Hail Creek coal mine in Australia and the resulting supply chain risks for major steel companies, specifically ArcelorMittal, POSCO, and Nippon Steel.

This report by Ember examines how major global steelmakers—specifically ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, and POSCO—often omit fugitive methane emissions from coal mining in their Scope 3 emissions reporting. The analysis highlights that reliance on blast furnace technology and the sourcing of coal from high-methane mines in Australia significantly increase the actual climate impact of these companies' value chains, often by percentages that would materially alter their reported greenhouse gas footprints.

This report by Ember assesses the climate impact of methane emissions from Australian coking coal extraction on major steelmakers in the EU, Japan, and South Korea. It highlights a significant gap in Scope 3 emissions reporting, noting that methane from Australian coal can add 10-17% to the short-term climate impact of blast furnace-based steelmaking, with some 'super-emitting' mines potentially doubling this impact. The report argues that cutting coal mine methane is a cost-effective near-term decarbonisation step and warns of regulatory risks under the EU Methane Regulation.

The EU is making progress in solar energy and cleantech manufacturing, but the overall transition to climate neutrality by 2050 is slowed by a EUR 344 billion investment gap, continued fossil fuel dependence, and policy misalignments in agriculture and building renovations.

This briefing paper argues for the adoption of a United Nations legally binding instrument (LBI) to regulate transnational corporations as a structural lever for environmental justice. It highlights the failure of voluntary frameworks to ensure corporate accountability for ecological destruction and human rights abuses, proposing that a binding treaty would operationalize the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment through mandatory due diligence, extraterritorial jurisdiction, and effective remediation.

The report 'Priority Actions for Deforestation- and Conversion-Free Finance' provides a strategic framework to align private financial flows with the goal of halting and reversing deforestation and ecosystem conversion by 2030. It outlines specific priority actions for three key groups: policymakers, central banks and financial supervisors, and financial institutions, emphasizing the need for coordinated action to manage nature-related risks and catalyze a transition to nature-positive business models.

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the need for international cooperation on trade-related climate measures (trade-climate measures) within the World Trade Organization (WTO). It identifies a fragmented landscape of national and regional policies that create trade barriers and disadvantage developing countries. The document proposes a framework for cooperation across four levels: general principles of international law, regulatory processes and practices, specific design features, and technical aspects such as carbon accounting interoperability.

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the 'twin transition'—the simultaneous pursuit of digital and green transformations. It analyzes how digital technologies can both enable climate action and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, focusing on the implications for developing countries and the pathways toward a net-zero digital economy by 2050.