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The document examines the role of nature-based solutions (NBS) in corporate net-zero strategies, emphasizing that while NBS can provide critical finance for conservation and significant co-benefits for biodiversity, they must not substitute for direct fossil fuel abatement. It details 'demand-side' risks, such as the potential for offsets to dilute corporate ambition, and 'supply-side' risks, including leakage, permanence, and additionality. The authors advocate for a 'both/and' approach combining aggressive internal decarbonization with high-quality NBS credits, preferably shifting from project-based to jurisdictional-scale crediting to improve integrity.

The paper evaluates physical climate risk guidance from six major disclosure initiatives (CDP, CDSB, NFRD, GRI, SASB, and TCFD) against IPCC standards. It finds significant gaps in terminology, hazard coverage, and the availability of quantitative metrics, suggesting that private sector entities may be overlooking critical risks. The authors propose the development of open-source scientific translations, peer-reviewed datasets, and a standardized science-based risk assessment framework to improve corporate resilience and financial decision-making.

The United States faces a deficit in public direct current fast-charging (DCFC) infrastructure, with only 17,000 plugs currently installed. The report highlights that current economics limit growth to a few high-traffic locations, potentially creating an inequitable system where lower-income drivers without home charging pay a significant price premium. In contrast, China has scaled its network to over 309,000 public fast-charging plugs by treating charging as a national priority since 2014. China's strategy included stimulating demand through the electrification of taxis and fleets, reforming utility tariffs to allow industrial rates, capping service fees, and providing installation subsidies. These efforts led to significant economies of scale, reducing the cost of a 50 kW DCFC unit to approximately $3,000, compared to $20,000–$35,000 in the United States. The author suggests the U.S. needs national and local goals, redesigned utility rates, and a focus on equitable access to achieve a similar transition.

The document argues for a dual strategy of cutting both carbon dioxide and super pollutants—methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), black carbon, and tropospheric ozone—to reduce warming in the next two to three decades. It highlights that reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone can lower warming in days to months, while HFC and methane reductions work over 15 years. The authors call for specific U.S. actions, including cutting oil and gas methane emissions to 65% below 2012 levels by 2025, ratifying the Kigali Amendment, and tightening National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone smog.

The policy brief advocates for a resolute US national strategy to accelerate electric vehicle (EV) adoption, proposing a target of 70 million EVs by 2030 and 100% new vehicle EV market share by 2035. It emphasizes that current fragmented efforts by states and private companies are insufficient to meet climate targets or compete with countries like China. The author recommends four key actions: establishing a national vision and government/industry commission, implementing an industrial strategy for manufacturing retooling, executing an aggressive public and private fleet electrification plan, and launching a nationwide education campaign.

The Virginia Clean Economy Act (VCEA) is projected to nearly eliminate power sector emissions and reduce economy-wide emissions by 35% by 2050 compared to business-as-usual. However, to meet a 1.5°C warming pathway, the document argues that Virginia must implement further policies across transportation, buildings, industry, and land use. A proposed '1.5°C Pathway Scenario' involving aggressive electrification and clean energy standards could achieve net-zero emissions before 2050, while generating over 11,000 job-years and increasing annual GDP by more than $2.6 billion by 2050.

The report examines the economic advantages of aggressive decarbonization in China, highlighting that solar and wind power have become more cost-competitive than coal. It argues that a faster transition to clean energy will enhance China's global export position in solar PV and electric vehicles, reduce stranded asset risks associated with coal, and provide significant co-benefits in air quality and energy security. The authors advocate for peaking emissions by 2025 and implementing a combination of carbon pricing, performance standards, and green finance to ensure a high-quality economic transition.

The 'Agua Sin Límites' initiative seeks to evolve water management beyond traditional Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), which the authors argue has failed to produce sustainable results. The initiative focuses on three pillars: analyzing water connections beyond the immediate basin, implementing multi-scale participatory approaches to address inequalities (including gender and poverty), and integrating ecosystem needs early in the planning process. These frameworks are being tested through pilot studies in the Mekong and Magdalena river basins, as well as reflecting on work in California.

The report evaluates how the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) bridges science and policy to induce sustainable development. It defines policy engagement as interactions leading to changes in agendas, capacities, and decisions. Through 18 case studies, SEI identifies key pathways to impact—such as developing scientific evidence, using decision-support tools (e.g., LEAP and WEAP), and building networks with 'champions'. The analysis categorizes outcomes into changes in awareness/attitudes (Agendas), institutional strengthening (Capacities), and actual policy shifts (Decisions). It concludes that long-term relationships and a focus on solutions are more effective than short-term, output-driven engagement.

The briefing expresses concern that ISO/WD 14082, intended to standardize the measurement of non-greenhouse gas climate forcers, may be used to create markets for 'climate coolants'. This would allow entities to offset greenhouse gas emissions by emitting reflective pollutants, potentially delaying decarbonization in sectors like shipping and aviation and undermining international climate accounting methods.

Earthjustice, a nonprofit public interest environmental law organization, reported total revenue of $135,320,966 and total expenses of $127,720,008 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2022. The organization focuses on protecting health, preserving ecosystems, and combating climate change through legal representation and public awareness. Its largest program service expenses were dedicated to providing free legal representation, totaling $71,294,848. Earthjustice maintains significant assets, with total assets reported at $276,651,694 and net assets of $245,809,918 at the end of the year. The organization also engages in international activities, including grants to entities in Sub-Saharan Africa and Australia.

The document examines the Colombian financial sector's integration of climate change into decision-making, highlighting that while some green finance initiatives exist, most private flows remain inconsistent with a low-carbon economy. It identifies significant risks of 'stranded assets' in Colombia's coal mining and power sectors, citing the cases of Prodeco and Cerrejón. The brief argues that financial institutions must move beyond symbolic commitments to tangible phase-out plans and provides examples of international banking policies that restrict coal financing to guide the Colombian sector toward a just transition.

The report evaluates three policy scenarios for transitioning New Jersey's medium- and heavy-duty (M/HD) vehicle fleet to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). The most ambitious scenario, '100 x 40 ZEV + Clean Grid', projects cumulative net societal benefits of over $21 billion by 2050, including 303 avoided premature deaths and 325 fewer hospital visits. While ZEVs currently have higher purchase costs, the analysis predicts lifetime cost parity with combustion vehicles by 2030. The transition is expected to generate national macroeconomic gains in GDP and higher-paying jobs in electrical manufacturing and infrastructure, although net job gains may reverse by 2045 due to reduced fuel and maintenance spending. Implementation would require significant investment in depot and public charging infrastructure, with the 100 x 40 ZEV scenario requiring an average of $73 million annually for depot charging and $46 million for public networks.

The report analyzes the transition of New York's medium- and heavy-duty (M/HD) vehicle fleet to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) under three scenarios: the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) Rule, the ACT Rule plus the NOx Omnibus Rule, and a highly ambitious '100 x 40 ZEV + Clean Grid' scenario. The findings indicate that while ZEVs have higher initial purchase costs, they achieve lifetime cost parity with combustion vehicles by 2030. The most aggressive scenario is projected to generate over $36 billion in cumulative net societal benefits by 2050, including significant reductions in premature deaths and greenhouse gas emissions. The transition is expected to have positive macroeconomic effects on the U.S., including net job gains and GDP growth, while potentially lowering electricity rates for New York residents and businesses due to increased utility net revenue.

The report evaluates three policy scenarios for Oregon's medium- and heavy-duty (M/HD) truck fleet: the adoption of California's Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) rule, the addition of the NOx Omnibus Rule, and a more aggressive '100 x 40 ZEV + Clean Grid' scenario. The most ambitious scenario projects cumulative net societal benefits of $35.6 billion by 2050, including 186 avoided premature deaths and $1.9 billion in annual fleet cost savings. While ZEVs currently have higher purchase costs, the analysis suggests they will reach lifetime cost parity with combustion vehicles by 2030. The transition is expected to have positive macroeconomic effects on national jobs and GDP, and could reduce residential electricity rates in Oregon by up to 3.7% by 2050 due to increased utility net revenue.

The analysis models three policy scenarios for Southern New England, ranging from the adoption of California's Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) rule to a more aggressive '100 x 40 ZEV + Clean Grid' scenario. The findings indicate that transitioning the M/HD fleet to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) would yield significant net societal benefits, including reduced premature deaths, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and long-term cost savings for fleets and electricity customers. While initial purchase costs for ZEVs are higher, the report projects lifetime cost parity with combustion vehicles by 2035. Macroeconomic analysis suggests the transition would result in national net job gains and increased GDP, with new jobs in electrical component manufacturing and infrastructure construction offering higher average wages than the jobs they replace.

The report analyzes the transition of Washington's medium- and heavy-duty (M/HD) vehicle fleet to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) under three scenarios: the ACT Rule, the ACT + NOx Omnibus Rule, and a highly ambitious '100 x 40 ZEV + Clean Grid' scenario. The most aggressive scenario is projected to generate cumulative net societal benefits of over $42.8 billion by 2050, including significant reductions in premature deaths and greenhouse gas emissions. While ZEVs currently have higher purchase costs, the analysis predicts lifetime cost parity with combustion vehicles by 2030. The transition is expected to benefit electric utilities through increased revenue and potentially lower electricity rates for residential and commercial customers, while creating national job gains in electrical component manufacturing and infrastructure construction.

The Gas Index finds that methane leakage across the U.S. natural gas supply chain is significantly more extensive than EPA estimates, particularly within city distribution systems and buildings. The report argues that replacing gas heating with electric heat pumps would reduce emissions in every city evaluated, with the greatest benefits occurring where electricity grids are decarbonized.

The document details a series of record-breaking climate events in 2020, including an unprecedented number of billion-dollar disasters in the US, extreme wildfires in California and Colorado, and devastating tropical cyclones in the Philippines and the Bay of Bengal. It highlights that 2020 was on pace to be the second-hottest year on record and notes the acceleration of Arctic sea ice retreat. Experts cited in the text emphasize that these events are driven by human-caused climate change and call for urgent climate action and funding for affected poor populations.

The report outlines two primary decarbonisation scenarios for India's transport sector: a 'Rail focused' pathway and a 'Road focused' pathway. Both scenarios emphasise that electrification is essential, aiming for nearly 100% electrification of road fleets by 2050. The Rail focused scenario prioritises a massive modal shift toward public transit and rail freight, which significantly reduces the total number of electric vehicles needed. The Road focused scenario assumes continued growth in private vehicle ownership, relying more heavily on rapid electrification and alternative fuels. The analysis identifies four priority action areas: sustainable urban planning to counter urban sprawl, improving non-motorised and public transport, expanding high-quality railway infrastructure, and electrifying all road vehicle fleets. It concludes that achieving these goals will require substantial international financial support and the adoption of global good-practice policies from regions like China, California, and Europe.