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This report provides development forecasts for the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) up to 2043. It compares a 'Current Path' trajectory—based on existing policies—against various sectoral scenarios and a 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario, analyzing impacts on GDP, poverty, demographics, and carbon emissions.

This policy brief examines the 2010 elections in Burundi, highlighting how the withdrawal of opposition candidates led to the election of President Pierre Nkurunziza and a landslide victory for the ruling CNDD-FDD party in both the National Assembly and Senate. The authors warn that this shift toward one-party dominance threatens the country's peace and democratic stability.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the instability in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), highlighting the failure of stabilization plans due to ongoing conflict, human rights abuses by both armed groups and national forces, and the complicating influence of regional actors.

This briefing by Festus B Aboagye of the Institute for Security Studies questions the efficacy of humanitarian interventions in Africa, arguing that they often fail to address root causes of conflict and may inadvertently prolong violence. The author suggests that non-intervention, allowing conflicts to reach a military conclusion, could be a more durable alternative in certain contexts.

This monograph by Nelson Alusala analyzes the proliferation and misuse of small arms and light weapons (SALW) and the dynamics of armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Central African Republic (CAR), and Chad. It examines how the availability of SALW undermines human development and governance, while evaluating disarmament efforts and recommending international and national interventions to break the cycle of violence.

This policy brief by the Institute for Security Studies examines the African Union's (AU) strategy to increase troop levels for the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) following suicide bombings in Uganda in July 2010.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the limited effectiveness of the United Nations peacekeeping mission (MONUC) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), highlighting allegations of logistical support for rebels and the role of neighboring countries in sustaining conflict through illegal trade and arms supply.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the doctrinal differences between United Nations (UN) peacekeeping and African Union (AU) peace support operations, using these distinctions to propose strategies for stabilising northern Mali.

Peace and Security Council Report No 29 provides analyses on several security challenges across Africa, including the credibility of presidential elections in Liberia, ongoing conflict in Sudan, the expansion of AQIM, political instability in Burundi, and the coordination between the African Peace and Security Architecture (ASPA) and Regional Economic Communities (RECs).

This research paper examines the role of peacekeeping missions in the Burundi peace process, specifically their function in ensuring the implementation of conflict agreements and the demobilisation of rebel forces.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the implementation of the gacaca process in Rwanda, a system of community-based courts designed to prosecute perpetrators of the 1994 genocide. It details the transition from a pilot phase to a national rollout, the legal framework established by the 2001 and 2004 laws, and the significant challenges regarding judicial rigour, prison capacity, and national reconciliation.

This research paper examines the role of land tenure, migration, and competition for agricultural and pastoral land as structural and proximate causes of violent conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), specifically in the Kivu provinces and Ituri Territory. The authors argue that colonial-era dual property systems and post-colonial patrimonial rule under Mobutu transformed land from a communal social asset into a currency of political power and economic wealth, marginalizing rural populations and fueling ethnic tensions.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies assesses the political transition and disarmament initiatives in Burundi during 2004. It examines the structures established under the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement, the challenges of integrating rebel factions into a national army, and the role of international peacekeeping forces in facilitating a peaceful transition to elections.

This document is Annexure II to a Comprehensive Agreement, detailing the modalities for implementing a ceasefire between the Burundian government and the Palipehutu-FNL. It establishes the Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism (JVMM) to oversee the disengagement of forces, the movement of combatants to assembly areas, and the phased process of demobilization, reinsertion, and reintegration.

Annexure III to the Comprehensive Cease-Fire Agreement outlines the framework for the transformation, modernization, and integration of the Defence and Security Forces in Burundi, emphasizing oversight by international bodies and the inclusion of the Palipehutu-FNL.

This report, prepared by the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for a special session in Tripoli, provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges to peace and security in Africa. It details the institutional framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), the economic and human costs of conflict, and the status of various regional crises, including those in Somalia, Sudan, and the Great Lakes region. The document emphasizes the need for African ownership of peace efforts, the importance of structural conflict prevention, and the strengthening of partnerships with international bodies like the UN and EU.

This report examines the political opportunities and challenges facing President Felix Tshisekedi in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during his first year in office. It highlights the tension between Tshisekedi and former President Joseph Kabila, whose FCC coalition maintains a dominant majority in Parliament. The author argues that for Tshisekedi to succeed and secure a second term in 2023, he must shift the political balance, reform the CENI and Constitutional Court, and address dire socio-economic needs. The report also discusses the necessity of a regional approach to peace in the eastern DRC involving Rwanda, Uganda, and Burundi, and suggests that the international community can support transformational change by promoting transparency in the mining sector via IMF engagement.

This report provides a civil society perspective on the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Zimbabwe, with a specific focus on the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF). It examines the intersection of national epidemiology, political-economic crises, and military policies, highlighting the high prevalence of HIV within the armed forces and the risks associated with external deployments.

This case study by Richard Cornwell examines the limitations of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) processes in West Africa and the Great Lakes region. The author argues that technical DDR successes are often illusory if they are not preceded by planning for reintegration and a fundamental shift from a 'conflict economy' to a 'peace economy'.

This research paper by Naison Ngoma examines the conceptual framework of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) with a specific focus on the challenges faced by states in sub-Saharan Africa. The author argues that standard Western or European models of DDR are often inapplicable to the African context because many African populations were never fully mobilised for war, creating a unique dynamic of "demobilisation without mobilisation."