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The analysis finds that human-caused climate change has significantly increased the frequency of dangerous nighttime temperatures globally, affecting billions of people. Using the Climate Shift Index, the report quantifies additional nights above 18°C, 20°C, and 25°C, noting that these temperatures disrupt sleep and increase risks of cardiovascular conditions and mortality. The most severe impacts are observed in tropical regions and urban areas due to heat island effects, with specific cities in India, Indonesia, and Africa experiencing an additional month or more of extreme nighttime heat.

The document examines the risk of 'sleeper species'—non-native species that remain inconspicuous until environmental shifts, often driven by climate change, trigger rapid population growth. Focusing on the Laurentian Great Lakes, it details how vectors like ballast water and recreational boating introduce these species and highlights the economic and ecological damage caused by examples like zebra mussels and spiny water fleas. The brief advocates for a shift toward prevention and early detection through international collaboration, unified regulatory frameworks for shipping, and citizen science engagement to mitigate the rising costs of biological invasions.

Climate Central analyzed the urban heat island (UHI) index across 65 major U.S. cities, finding that 68% of the 50 million residents in these cities live in areas where the built environment increases temperatures by 8°F or more. The study identifies albedo, green space, and population density as the primary drivers of this effect. It also highlights a link between historical redlining and current heat disparities, noting that in 84% of 179 analyzed cities, historically redlined areas experience hotter summers than non-redlined areas.

From June 18-20, 2024, a major to extreme heat event is forecast for the eastern half of the U.S., affecting over 25 million people. The event is characterized by record-level high temperatures in major cities and elevated nighttime temperatures. Climate Central's Climate Shift Index (CSI) indicates that human-caused climate change has made this heat at least four times more likely in several states, including West Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana.

Between March and May 2024, global temperature records were broken for three consecutive months. Using the Climate Shift Index (CSI), the analysis found that approximately one in four people worldwide experienced temperatures at least three times more likely due to climate change (CSI level 3+) daily. Exposure peaked on April 6, 2024, with 2.7 billion people affected. The most severe impacts were concentrated in Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America, with 44% of Africa's population experiencing the most extreme attributable heat (CSI level 5 for 60+ days). The report also highlights a strong regional contrast in the U.S., where coastal areas and islands showed higher CSI signals despite lower temperature anomalies compared to the Upper Midwest.

Wisconsin taxpayers will need to spend at least $16.7 billion through 2040 to protect communities from climate change, with municipal governments bearing the vast majority of these costs ($14.1 billion). The most significant expenses include improving stormwater management ($6.67 billion) and proactive road maintenance ($5.09 billion). The report highlights that these costs fall disproportionately on high racial minority areas and low-education rural communities, potentially consuming a significant portion of local public works budgets. It argues that fossil fuel companies should be held legally accountable for these damages.

The report finds that human-induced climate change significantly increased the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat globally from May 2023 to May 2024. Using the Climate Shift Index (CSI), the study determined that 6.3 billion people experienced at least 31 days of extreme heat made at least twice as likely by climate change. It identifies 76 extreme heat waves across 90 countries and highlights critical gaps in impact reporting, particularly in developing regions. The authors advocate for City Heat Action Plans and systemic adaptations to prevent heat-related fatalities.

Analysis of 241 U.S. locations from 1970 to 2023 shows that 95% have experienced warming average summer temperatures, with an average increase of 2.5°F. The Northwest, Southwest, and South regions saw the most significant heating. Additionally, 58% of analyzed locations now experience at least 14 more above-normal summer days than in 1970. The document also highlights the health risks of extreme heat, particularly for vulnerable populations and those affected by urban heat islands, and provides a directory of monitoring tools and hurricane season resources.

A World Weather Attribution study found that human-induced climate change significantly increased the frequency and intensity of April 2024 heatwaves across Asia. In the Philippines, the event would have been "impossible" without climate change, while in West Asia, the probability increased by a factor of 5. In South Asia, extreme temperatures were found to be about 45 times more likely and 0.85ºC hotter. The report highlights disproportionate impacts on vulnerable groups, including 1.7 million displaced people in Gaza and outdoor workers, and notes that existing heat action plans often lack mandatory workplace regulations and retrofitting for informal settlements.

A World Weather Attribution analysis concludes that the extreme heatwave affecting the Sahel in early 2024, which coincided with Ramadan and power cuts, would have been impossible without the 1.2°C of global warming caused by human activities. The event was particularly severe in Mali and Burkina Faso, where 5-day maximum temperatures had a return time of 200 years. The study finds that human-induced warming increased 5-day maximum temperatures by 1.5°C in Mali/Burkina Faso and 1.4°C across the wider Sahel, while the current El Niño event contributed only a small amount (approximately 0.2°C). In Bamako, Mali, the Gabriel Touré hospital reported 102 deaths between 1-4 April, significantly exceeding the 130 deaths recorded for the entire month of April 2023.

The report evaluates the expansion of Parques del Río Norte in Medellín, Colombia, finding that the project generates a return of USD 1.67 for every dollar invested over 30 years. These benefits stem from reduced flood risk, improved air quality, and economic gains in property values and retail revenue. The document recommends investing in nature-based infrastructure (NBI) and ensuring continuous maintenance to combat urban heat islands, water pollution, and river erosion.

The report estimates that governments in Los Angeles County will need to spend at least $12.5 billion through 2040 to adapt to climate change, with municipal governments bearing the largest share. The highest costs are associated with stormwater management to mitigate flooding ($4.3 billion) and combating urban heat islands through cool pavements ($2.5 billion) and tree planting ($1.4 billion). The study highlights that these costs disproportionately affect low-income communities and communities of color, and argues that fossil fuel companies should be held legally accountable for these expenses.

The document details how Yale Climate Connections (YCC) utilizes personal narratives, evidence-based 'climate framing', and diverse voices to bridge the psychological distance of climate change. It emphasizes the use of the 'Six Americas' segmentation to tailor content, the importance of centering hope through problem-solution narratives, and the strategic use of succinct 90-second radio stories to reach a broad national audience, including conservatives and opinion leaders.

The report details how climate change threatens the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) through sea level rise, intense storms, and extreme heat. It provides specific projections for sea level rise in New Jersey and New York City, notes the increasing frequency of 'nuisance flooding' at The Battery, and highlights the vulnerability of critical assets like LaGuardia Airport's Runway 13/31. The document quantifies historical damages, such as the billions lost during Superstorm Sandy, and lists a comprehensive set of potential adaptation costs, including flood-proofing buildings, elevating infrastructure, and mitigating heat-induced rail and road degradation.

The SUNCASA project, funded with USD 22 million by Global Affairs Canada and managed by IISD and WRI, implements nature-based solutions (NbS) to combat flooding, heat, and biodiversity loss in Dire Dawa, Kigali, and Johannesburg. The project targets 2.2 million beneficiaries, with a specific focus on gender equality and the empowerment of marginalized groups in climate adaptation planning.

The proposal seeks USD 599,932 over 24 months to address five key barriers hindering the integration of green infrastructure and nature-based solutions (NbS) in Chile. These barriers include the lack of a long-term national strategy, weak interinstitutional governance, insufficient technical data, limited investment, and low public awareness. The project, implemented by the FAO and led by the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism (MINVU) and the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), will create the National Green Infrastructure Strategy (ENIV), a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, and a financing strategy. Key activities include conducting technical studies on disaster risk reduction and zoning modeling for urban vegetation, as well as holding regional workshops across all 16 Chilean regions to ensure participatory development and gender inclusion.

The report establishes a statistical framework for the natural infrastructure sector in the Canadian Prairies, dividing it into watershed management, municipal natural infrastructure, education/training, and regulatory/public administration. Using 2022 as a baseline, it projects that a 'Stretch Growth' scenario involving CAD 100 million annual investment would increase total jobs in the region to 73,420 and total GDP to CAD 8.2 billion by 2030.

The report examines two nature-based solutions (NbS) projects: mangrove restoration in Grenada and interurban biological corridors in Costa Rica. It highlights the importance of establishing ecological baselines, using participatory monitoring and citizen science, and integrating biodiversity targets into urban planning to ensure that climate adaptation efforts also provide net gains for ecosystem health.

The document presents two case studies to illustrate the practical application of nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate adaptation. The first case focuses on mangrove restoration in Grenada, emphasizing the use of a specific restoration protocol and diverse biodiversity monitoring tools to improve seedling survival and ecosystem health. The second case examines the Biodiver_City project in Costa Rica, which implements interurban biological corridors in the San José metropolitan area to combat urban heat islands and flooding while enhancing ecological connectivity. Both cases highlight the importance of baseline data, citizen science, and multi-stakeholder coordination in achieving biodiversity co-benefits.

A letter from community gardeners urging the Governor of New York to sign a bill that would provide legal protections for community gardens by designating them as Critical Environmental Areas (CEAs). The authors argue that these gardens are essential for food security, climate resilience against extreme heat and flooding, and air quality improvement, particularly in marginalized communities.