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This briefing describes the establishment, organizational structure, and financing of the Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund, designed to provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries to phase out ozone-depleting substances.

This fact sheet from Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) defines climate equity and historical responsibility, arguing that developed nations must lead emission reductions and provide financial and technological support to developing nations to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

This research paper examines the critical role of financial resources and technological transfer in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. It traces the evolution of international development policy from the 1972 Stockholm Conference to current frameworks like the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, highlighting a persistent funding gap and a digital divide that hinder progress in developing nations.

This briefing paper, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development on 14 December 2004, presents the collective understanding of an international research collaboration on the future of the global climate regime following the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period. The authors explore two primary strategies—'Cap First' and 'Empower First'—to reach a long-term global solution consisting of a cap-and-trade scheme, technology development agreements, and assistance for developing countries.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) details the outcomes of the UNFCCC climate change negotiations held in Bonn in June and August 2009. It outlines the progress and persistent divisions between developed and developing nations across four key pillars—mitigation, adaptation, technology, and finance—as they worked toward a global post-2012 agreement intended for adoption at COP-15 in Copenhagen.

This policy briefing by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the potential for biofuel technology transfer from Brazil to South Africa and other African nations through the India–Brazil–South Africa (IBSA) Forum. It highlights Brazil's leadership in bioethanol and suggests that while biofuels offer a path toward climate change mitigation and rural development, South Africa must first establish a coherent national strategy that balances energy needs with food security and land reform.

This research paper identifies the essential elements for enhancing technology transfer and development and evaluates the institutional approaches proposed in major country positions.

This research paper proposes five components for a new financial agreement under the UNFCCC to address technology barriers in developing countries, drawing on UNFCCC submissions and technical papers regarding mitigation investment needs.

This research paper analyzes trade, human rights, and environmental regimes, including the Montreal Protocol, to identify lessons on equity that can inform the 2015 international climate agreement under the UNFCCC. It argues that equity is essential for achieving consensus and should be addressed through both the differentiation of commitments and the design of supporting institutions and procedures.