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This draft explanatory memorandum outlines proposed amendments to the Taxation Laws Amendment Bill, 2022, covering income tax, value-added tax (VAT), carbon tax, and customs and excise duties. The proposals aim to resolve technical anomalies, align tax laws with new accounting standards (IFRS 17), curb tax avoidance regarding contributed tax capital, and support South Africa's climate commitments through a ramped-up carbon tax trajectory and extended energy efficiency incentives.

A statement by Hemantha Withanage, President of Friends of the Earth International, analyzing the systemic collapse of Sri Lanka in 2022. The document attributes the nation's political instability, economic bankruptcy, and humanitarian crisis to a neoliberal, undemocratic regime led by the Rajapaksa family, characterized by corruption, illegitimate debt accumulation, and failed environmental and agricultural policies.

The report 'Ready, Set, Go: Europe’s Race for Wind and Solar' by Ember analyses the gap between current wind and solar deployment rates in the European Union and the capacities required to align with a 1.5C climate pathway by 2030. It finds that the EU is not on track, with annual additions forecast to reach only half of the required levels by 2026. The report identifies administrative permitting barriers as a primary cause of underperformance, noting that permitting times frequently exceed EU legislative limits.

This briefing from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that Indonesia must urgently plan for a just energy transition to mitigate the economic and social risks associated with its heavy reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal, oil, and gas.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes how Indonesia can redirect fossil fuel subsidies toward renewable energy to meet its climate targets and align with its 2022 G20 Presidency priorities.

This research paper examines the drivers and patterns of wind power curtailment reduction in China post-2016, utilizing a logarithmic mean Divisia index approach to identify national and regional factors influencing the integration of wind energy into the power grid.

The SAIIA Young Leaders Declaration 2022 is a statement by South African youth and educators outlining recommendations for a just, inclusive, and sustainable future. It focuses on four primary areas: global climate change and energy transition, the creation of inclusive societies, the development of sustainable communities, and socio-economic growth. The document calls for increased youth participation in policy-making, the decarbonisation of the private sector, the protection of marginalised groups, and the strengthening of African supply chains and infrastructure.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the renewable energy landscapes of Egypt and Morocco within the broader context of North Africa. It details the region's high technical potential for solar and wind, the current dominance of fossil fuels (gas in Egypt and coal in Morocco), and the strategic shifts toward renewable energy and green hydrogen to enhance energy security and export potential.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how Indonesia can reallocate fossil fuel subsidies and taxes to fund a green recovery and accelerate its energy transition. It proposes redirecting these funds toward renewable energy deployment, grid modernization, energy access in remote areas, and energy efficiency measures to meet national climate targets.

This report, commissioned by the British Embassy in Tallinn, evaluates Estonia's progress toward climate neutrality by 2050, building on a 2019 SEI study. While total greenhouse gas emissions fell from 18,687.4 kt CO2e in 2018 to 11,555.8 kt CO2e in 2020, the report identifies significant gaps in the energy, buildings, industry, LULUCF, transport, and agriculture sectors. Key challenges include a lack of incentives for non-residential building renovations, lagging wind energy investment, and the LULUCF sector transitioning from a carbon sink to an emitting sector in 2020.

This conclusion section of a special report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the economic and political challenges facing Algeria. It argues that the country requires a comprehensive overhaul of its governance and economic structures—specifically moving away from hydrocarbon dependence and improving human capital utilization—to achieve inclusive development and growth by 2040.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the activities of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in the Legal Amazon from 2009 to 2019. It highlights a concentration of funding in large-scale hydroelectric infrastructure that serves the rest of Brazil, while a significant portion of the local population remains without reliable electricity or basic sanitation. The document suggests that BNDES has an opportunity to pivot toward the energy transition and regional development by investing in renewable energy and digital connectivity.

This report section analyzes Tunisia's basic infrastructure, focusing on water and sanitation, energy and electricity, and information and communications technology (ICT), as part of a broader study on development pathways to 2040.

This document is an annex to a special report titled "The Rebirth: Tunisia’s potential development pathways to 2040," published by the Institute for Security Studies. It details the data sources, adjustments, and specific parameters used in the IFs (International Futures) forecasting model to create three development scenarios for Tunisia: "Common interventions," "Going for Growth," and "Leapfrogging," as well as a "Sustainability & Equality" framework.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development provides an inventory of energy support measures in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020, analyzing whether fiscal policies align with the country's goal of reaching net-zero emissions by 2060.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the paradox of the Legal Amazon, a region that generates over 25% of Brazil's electricity via large hydroelectric plants but where millions of residents remain disconnected from the National Interconnected System (SIN). These populations rely on expensive, polluting diesel-powered isolated systems or lack reliable electricity entirely, a situation linked to poor socioeconomic indicators and inefficient auction models for energy supply.

This report describes the methodology used by Ember to measure the impact of energy policy changes announced by national governments between 2020 and 2022, focusing on the transition from fossil fuels to renewables and clean energy.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the energy paradox in the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where the region hosts some of the country's largest hydroelectric plants yet millions of residents rely on expensive, polluting diesel-based isolated systems or lack electricity entirely. The document analyzes the socio-economic disparities between connected and isolated municipalities, the financial burden of fuel subsidies, and the barriers to transitioning toward renewable energy sources.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes energy support measures in India from FY 2014 to FY 2021, focusing on subsidies, public utility investments, and public finance lending to assess alignment with the country's 2070 net-zero goal.

A fact sheet by the NewClimate Institute arguing that natural gas cannot sustainably meet Africa's energy demands and that the continent should instead transition to renewable energy to avoid stranded assets and economic risks.