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The document argues that cities are becoming primary actors in achieving climate mitigation and adaptation goals. It emphasizes that science provides essential support to local policymakers through first-hand information and the application of ad hoc methodologies. Case studies presented in the work demonstrate diverse opportunities for collaboration between scientific research and municipal-level policy, suggesting that the urban scale is an effective level for establishing multi-level links between these fields.

The document highlights the role of science in achieving urban climate objectives under the Basque Declaration, while noting that divergent interests between science and policy, as well as the difficulty of balancing scientific rigor with practical applicability, present both challenges and opportunities.

CIEL President Carroll Muffett supports the collaboration of US state Attorneys General in investigating fossil fuel companies for climate deception, noting that five jurisdictions—New York, California, Maryland, Massachusetts, and the US Virgin Islands—have confirmed investigations into Exxon.

The guide outlines three primary strategies for business engagement during COP21: educating leaders on climate science and policy, making public climate commitments through platforms like the Lima-Paris Action Agenda and the We Mean Business 'Take Action' campaign, and participating in onsite networking and events in Paris. It highlights specific tools for tracking commitments, such as NAZCA, and lists various side events and hubs, including the 'Open to Business' hub, designed to facilitate business-led climate action.

The document examines how Valenzuela City, a low-lying industrial suburb of Metro Manila, has utilised the Partners for Resilience (PfR) framework to address chronic flooding and livelihood loss. It highlights the transition from short-term disaster response to a holistic approach that incorporates climate science, environmental restoration, and community-led early warning systems. Key successes include the integration of climate-informed contingency planning and the 'GREENING' project for urban land use. However, the study notes that institutional resilience is challenged by local political cycles and leadership changes.

The document contrasts a 1995 ALEC claim that global warming predictions were theoretical and lacked scientific consensus with the 1995 IPCC Assessment Report, which identified a "discernible human influence on global climate." It details ALEC's role in distributing "model" legislation to state legislators to oppose EPA carbon standards and repeal renewable energy standards, noting that ALEC's Energy, Environment, and Agriculture Task Force has included members such as BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Peabody Energy, and Shell.

The document details a leaked 1998 memo from the American Petroleum Institute (API) outlining a 'Global Climate Science Communications Plan' designed to make scientific uncertainties in climate change part of 'conventional wisdom'. It contrasts this industry strategy with the 1995 IPCC findings that indicated a 'discernible human influence on global climate'. The text notes that API, representing companies like ExxonMobil and Shell, has continued to challenge the science of climate change, including a 2011 legal challenge against the EPA's endangerment finding.

The document exposes a 1998 leaked memo from the American Petroleum Institute (API) detailing a strategic plan to promote scientific uncertainty regarding climate change. It contrasts API's claims of uncertainty with findings from the IPCC's 1990 and 1995 reports, which established human influence on global warming. The text further notes API's ongoing efforts to block U.S. federal regulations, including a 2011 lawsuit challenging the EPA's endangerment finding.

The document contrasts ExxonMobil's 2005 claims that the cause of global warming remained 'in dispute' with scientific reports from 2000 and 2001 that attributed warming to human activities. It further notes ExxonMobil's 2009 opposition to the EPA's endangerment finding, citing uncertainty and potential economic harm.

The report argues that while open records laws are essential for government transparency, they are increasingly weaponized to target scientists and academics whose work threatens vested interests. By requesting vast amounts of private correspondence, draft papers, and raw data, harassers aim to chill speech, distract researchers from their work, and undermine scientific integrity. The document provides numerous case studies across fields such as climate science, tobacco research, and environmental health, noting that public universities are often unprepared to handle these intrusive requests. It calls for clearer legal exemptions to protect the scientific deliberative process and the development of institutional guidelines to safeguard researchers while maintaining public accountability.

The research examines the role of transformative learning in engaging 24 Swedish forestry stakeholders with climate change adaptation. It identifies that social barriers, such as perceptions of scientific uncertainty, can impede the formation of opinions on adaptation. The study concludes that engagement improves when scientific knowledge is aligned with stakeholders' specific needs, aspirations, and personal experiences with extreme weather.

The Future Climate For Africa (FCFA) programme, funded by DFID and NERC, aims to improve the scientific understanding of sub-Saharan African climate on decadal timescales and enhance the uptake of this information in long-term development planning. The programme's 18-month scoping phase evaluates user needs against current scientific capabilities through case studies in Malawi, Zambia, Rwanda, Accra, and Maputo. FCFA posits that technical accuracy alone is insufficient for better decision-making; instead, success depends on understanding the political economy, institutional settings, and social processes that influence how climate science is communicated and used.

Friends of the Earth calls on President Obama to reject the Keystone XL pipeline, citing widespread public opposition and the political failure of candidates who supported fossil fuel infrastructure.

The document identifies significant barriers to integrating climate science into African policy-making, including systematic biases in climate models, a decline in observational data networks, and a lack of technical capacity to interpret data. It emphasizes that current climate information is often too coarse in resolution for local decision-making and is poorly communicated to policy-makers. To address these gaps, the authors recommend promoting African-led science, improving the translation of research into non-technical formats, and engaging influential finance and development ministries rather than relying solely on environment ministries.

The report analyzes 2013 cable news segments from CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC, finding significant disparities in scientific accuracy. MSNBC had the highest accuracy rate (92%), followed by CNN (70%) and Fox News (28%). The authors argue that misleading coverage, particularly the use of 'false debates' on CNN and the disparagement of scientists on Fox News, hinders democratic dialogue on climate policy by conflating established scientific facts with political opinions.

The report analyzes 1,824 public responses to a 2013 CDP questionnaire to reveal that many companies fail to disclose their influence on climate policy through trade associations. It finds that companies often hold climate positions inconsistent with the associations they fund or lead, yet struggle to influence those groups' agendas. The authors argue that current U.S. laws allow corporations to obstruct climate action without accountability and call for the SEC to mandate the disclosure of both direct and indirect political activities.

The IAI Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) report details the selection of 10 international CRN3 teams and the ongoing effort to integrate social and natural sciences into regional research. It highlights a critical shortage of SAC members, with six vacancies opening in June 2013, and discusses the adoption of 'Future Earth' as a framework for global sustainability and the integration of the SAC with the new IAI Science Liaison Office in Brazil.

The document details the transition of the IAI to a tripartite structure with directorates in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. It reports that the Science-Policy Liaison Directorate in Buenos Aires is operational, while the Integrated Operations and Finance Directorate in Montevideo awaits parliamentary ratification and the Science Development Directorate in Brazil is under review. Additionally, it notes a failed attempt at electronic voting for SAC vacancies due to lack of quorum and warns of a looming membership continuity crisis in the SAC. The report also mentions the IAI's participation in the ENSOCIO-LA project and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Conference for Latin America and the Caribbean.

The report details the transition of the IAI to a tripartite management scheme with offices in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. While agreements are in place and staff appointed in Argentina and Uruguay, the agreement with Brazil remains under study. Additionally, the report highlights a critical lack of continuity in the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) due to unfilled vacancies and expiring mandates, and notes the IAI's participation in the ENSOCIO-LA project and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) for America and the Caribbean.

A group of international environmental and science organizations called on IATA to support a global market-based measure (MBM) to reduce aviation emissions. The letter argues that technical and operational measures alone are insufficient to meet climate targets and that a fragmented approach of domestic policies will not achieve science-based goals. The signatories demand that any MBM include science-compatible targets, strict compliance, and limited access to offsets.