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This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the role of the UNFCCC in addressing fossil fuel subsidies, specifically focusing on opportunities at COP 28 and beyond. It highlights the gap between government rhetoric and the record USD 1.3 trillion in subsidies provided in 2022, arguing that the UNFCCC can strengthen global commitments through clear deadlines, improved transparency in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and integration into climate finance discussions.

The 2023 update report by the NewClimate Institute analyzes projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions up to 2030 for 25 countries, comparing current policy outcomes against Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). While aggregated emissions projections remain stable, the report identifies significant shifts in individual countries and a persistent gap between current policies and the 43% reduction required for Paris Agreement alignment.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines the critical benchmarks for success for the COP28 summit in Dubai. It emphasizes the need for a transformational response to the first Global Stocktake, the acceleration of systems transformation across energy, food, and urban environments, the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund, and the delivery of scaled-up climate finance to vulnerable nations.

This expert note provides suggestions for the first Global Stocktake (GST) at COP28 to drive transformational action to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees C.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines the integration of the ocean-climate nexus within the UNFCCC process, evaluating progress from the 'Ocean Super Year' of 2022 through COP27 and looking toward COP28. It emphasizes the need for African stakeholders to shift the global dialogue from negotiation to concrete implementation, leveraging regional initiatives and policy frameworks to drive ambitious ocean-climate action.

The 2023 CleanAir NDC Scorecard by the Global Climate and Health Alliance analyzes 170 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to assess how governments integrate air quality and health considerations into their climate plans. The report finds that while most NDCs mention air quality, there is a significant gap in quantifying health impacts and establishing forward-looking targets, with low- and middle-income countries generally showing higher levels of integration than high-income nations.

The executive summary of 'Global Climate Action 2022' by the NewClimate Institute analyzes International Climate Initiatives (ICIs), noting a downward trend in productivity and performance since 2019. It highlights a significant underrepresentation of the Global South and evaluates the potential of 'Glasgow Initiatives' from COP26 to bridge the 2030 emission ambition gap, provided more large-emitting countries join and implement them.

The NewClimate Institute reports that global expansion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and fossil gas is undermining the Paris Agreement and the 1.5°C warming limit. Despite some policy progress in the US, China, and the EU, current 2030 targets put the world on a path toward 2.4°C of warming, while the pipeline of new LNG capacity threatens to significantly increase emissions by 2030.

A professional toolkit by CIEL and OHCHR providing a framework for integrating human rights into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It emphasizes that climate ambition must be science-based to protect human rights, requires inclusive participation of marginalized groups, and advocates for a just transition for workers and the protection of indigenous land rights.

This report by the World Resources Institute evaluates the progress made one year after the COP26 summit in Glasgow. It tracks commitments across national emissions targets, renewable energy, climate finance, net-zero goals, the financial sector, methane reduction, deforestation, urban emissions, and electric vehicles, noting that progress is mixed and often hindered by geopolitical tensions and economic crises.

The NewClimate Institute's 2022 update analyzes emissions projections for major economies, finding that current policies are insufficient to meet Paris Agreement goals and that per capita emissions trends vary significantly by country.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the priorities and challenges for African nations leading up to COP27 in Egypt. It highlights the continent's push for climate justice, increased financial support for adaptation and loss and damage, and a 'just transition' that allows for the temporary use of natural gas to ensure energy security.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the climate finance landscape in Africa, highlighting a significant gap between the funding required to meet Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and actual annual flows. It examines the distribution of finance across regions and sectors, the role of public versus private investment, and provides recommendations to scale up funding through blended finance, improved data tracking, and capacity building.

This report by the NewClimate Institute examines how the Global Stocktake (GST) can be used to assess progress on climate mitigation and adaptation across five countries, with a specific focus on aligning finance flows and international cooperation to meet Paris Agreement goals.

The 'Landscape of Climate Finance in Africa' report by the Climate Policy Initiative provides a baseline assessment of climate finance flows into and within African countries for 2019 and 2020. It highlights a massive gap between the annual USD 277 billion required to implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the actual annual flows of USD 29.5 billion. The report analyzes the sources, instruments, and sectoral allocations of this finance, noting a heavy reliance on international public funding and a significant under-investment in adaptation and the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sectors compared to their needs.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), commissioned by FSD Africa, provides a comprehensive baseline of climate finance flows in Africa for 2019 and 2020. It highlights a massive financing gap, noting that annual flows of USD 29.5 billion meet only about 11% of the USD 277 billion needed annually to implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2030. The analysis details the sources, instruments, and sectoral allocations of these funds, emphasizing the dominance of international public finance and the need for increased private sector engagement and better data tracking.

This report by FSD Africa and Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the climate finance needs of African countries based on their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It estimates that implementing these NDCs between 2020 and 2030 will cost USD 2.8 trillion, with a funding gap of USD 2.5 trillion that must be met by international and private sources. The report highlights significant data gaps in adaptation needs and sectoral disaggregation, and recommends that the UNFCCC provide standardized guidance to help countries develop robust, bottom-up financing roadmaps.

This submission by the Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) and the Health and Climate Network (HCN) to the UNFCCC Global Stocktake first technical call argues that health is a prerequisite for the successful implementation of the Paris Agreement. The document advocates for the integration of health metrics and outcomes across mitigation, adaptation, finance, and loss and damage frameworks to maximize co-benefits and protect vulnerable populations.

This guide from the NewClimate Institute provides a stepwise approach for policy makers to establish sector-level climate planning processes to support national and international policy making.

This research paper proposes a framework for assessing the standards and practices of carbon crediting schemes to ensure unit quality, specifically for countries using these schemes as a basis for international emissions trading under the Paris Agreement.