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This guide from the International Institute for Sustainable Development, produced by the Climate Adaptation and Protected Areas (CAPA) Initiative, provides practitioners and local communities with practical tips for designing and implementing gender-responsive and socially inclusive nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate adaptation.

This case study describes the community-led restoration of the Nsongwe River in southern Zambia. After years of degradation and deforestation, a small group of residents began desilting and reforesting the waterway. This effort has since been scaled up through the Climate Adaptation and Protected Areas (CAPA) Initiative, a partnership between the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and WWF Zambia, supported by Global Affairs Canada, to implement nature-based solutions for climate adaptation.

This report outlines strategies for scaling investment in Nature-based Solutions (NbS) through blended finance, highlighting the critical role of the public sector in providing technical assistance and concessional capital. It identifies guarantees as highly catalytic tools for de-risking private investment and emphasizes the need for ecosystem building and the creation of new revenue streams via beneficiary engagement and regulated markets (e.g., carbon and blue markets) to prove commercial viability.

The report "Financiando uma Bioeconomia Global Sustentável" (September 2024) analyzes the current and future interaction between finance and the bioeconomy. It advocates for a sustainable, equitable, and nature-positive bioeconomy as a cornerstone for a low-carbon global economy, emphasizing the role of the G20, international cooperation, and innovative financial instruments to bridge investment gaps and protect biodiversity.

This report, prepared for the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group, analyzes 12 case studies of blended finance instruments designed to overcome barriers to investment in Nature-based Solutions (NbS). It explores how a combination of concessional capital, technical assistance, and risk-mitigation tools like guarantees can mobilize private investment across sectors including restoration, conservation, bioeconomy, agroforestry, and ocean/water management.

The 'Toolbox on Financing Nature-Based Solutions' report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines how blended finance can overcome barriers to investing in Nature-based Solutions (NbS). It highlights that because nature is often treated as a public good, it is difficult to monetize, leading to a market failure where harmful subsidies far exceed NbS investments. The report argues that the public sector must lead ecosystem building and provide concessional capital and technical assistance to prove commercial viability. Key findings emphasize that guarantees are the most catalytic tools for de-risking private investment, as demonstrated by case studies like the AGRI3 Fund and the Asia Climate-Smart Landscape Fund.

This technical brief from the Climate Adaptation and Protected Areas (CAPA) Initiative provides a framework and checklist for practitioners and policy-makers to assess and design nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate change adaptation, focusing on gender-responsiveness, social inclusion, and conflict sensitivity.

This report by the Nature-Based Infrastructure (NBI) Global Resource Centre evaluates the economic and environmental potential of nature-based and hybrid green-grey infrastructure to mitigate flooding and water pollution in the canals of Kochi, India, specifically focusing on a pilot project for the Pandarachirathodu Canal.

This case study describes the Kham River Restoration Initiative in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, India. The project transformed a polluted seasonal river, previously used as a dumping ground, into a community asset through a combination of waste management infrastructure, ecological restoration, and community engagement. The initiative is notable for establishing the first Urban River Management Plan for a seasonal river in India.

This report by the Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre provides an integrated cost-benefit analysis of the 'Bring Back Our Trees' reforestation project in Kasese, Uganda, demonstrating the economic and environmental benefits of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) in mitigating climate-related flooding and landslides.

The Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) 2020-2023 Synthesis Report details the organization's progress in advancing climate resilience through three primary pillars: innovation, knowledge, and policy. During this period (Phase II), GRP expanded its network to over 80 organizations and shifted toward a more diverse Secretariat spanning 14 countries. Key achievements include the incubation of the Ocean Risk and Resilience Action Alliance (ORRAA), the growth of the Resilience Evidence Coalition, and the establishment of the Resilience Hub at COP26, COP27, and COP28 to amplify Global South voices in climate policy.

The Lagos State Climate Adaptation and Resilience Plan (LCARP), published in June 2024 by FSD Africa and the Lagos State Ministry of Environment and Water Resources, is a strategic roadmap to protect Lagos from climate-driven risks. The plan identifies sea-level rise, extreme rainfall, and extreme heat as the primary climate impact drivers, with a projected cost of inaction reaching nearly $40 billion by 2050. To mitigate these risks, LCARP proposes a $9 billion project portfolio consisting of 33 adaptation projects, aiming to mobilize between $700 million and $1.3 billion in annual climate finance by 2035. The plan emphasizes a shift from an overreliance on concessional debt toward a balanced mix of blended finance, grants, and nature-based solutions, supported by new governance structures and sector-specific policy reforms.

This book chapter proposes a four-pillar framework to transform European cities into carbon-free urban areas by combining natural solutions and innovative solar technologies to achieve net-zero electricity generation.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the status and challenges of Article 6 (A6) of the Paris Agreement leading into and during COP29. It details the three mechanisms for international climate cooperation: Article 6.2 (bilateral trading), Article 6.4 (a UN-governed global market), and Article 6.8 (non-market approaches). The document highlights critical integrity concerns, including the risk of double counting, the lack of transparency in bilateral deals, and the controversy surrounding the use of REDD+ activities and emissions avoidance credits. It specifically notes that operational standards for A6.4 were adopted on the first day of COP29, a move criticized by some observers for lacking transparency.

This report provides an economic valuation of the Parques del Río Norte expansion project in Medellín, Colombia, which aims to restore urban green space to mitigate the effects of climate change and rapid urbanization.

This report, published by the Climate Policy Initiative in April 2024, outlines a strategic agenda for Brazil to lead global climate finance discussions during its G20 presidency and leading up to COP30. It identifies systemic gaps in climate funding for emerging markets and proposes specific reforms to the international financial architecture, the implementation of national platforms for investment, and the integration of social justice and nature-based financing into the global economic discourse.

This report by Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the regulatory, legal, and economic frameworks for forest restoration in Brazil. It argues that current policies are designed for property-scale rather than landscape-scale restoration and identifies three essential factors—regulatory flexibility for restoration typologies, integration of public and private land tenure, and the synergy between mandatory and voluntary restoration—necessary to enable large-scale initiatives, particularly those driven by the carbon market.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the regulatory and institutional framework for large-scale forest and vegetation restoration in Brazil. It argues that current public policies are designed for individual rural properties rather than landscape-scale initiatives and identifies three essential factors—diversifying restoration typologies, bridging public and private land barriers, and integrating mandatory and voluntary restoration—to enable the scaling of restoration, particularly driven by carbon markets.

This guide, published by the Stockholm Environment Institute in collaboration with the Comisión de Regulación de Agua Potable y Saneamiento Básico (CRA), provides a methodological framework for water utility companies to evaluate investments aimed at ensuring the continuity and coverage of aqueduct services. It emphasizes a comparative analysis between 'grey' infrastructure, demand management, and 'green' environmental investments (restoration and conservation) to manage the gap between water supply and demand, particularly during dry seasons.

The Sharm-el-Sheikh Adaptation Agenda (SAA) Implementation Report, launched at COP28, outlines a global framework of science-backed solutions across multiple systems to make 4 billion people resilient by 2030. The report identifies the SAA as a driver for collaboration between public and private entities to address gaps in finance, planning, and implementation, while highlighting the role of businesses, financiers, and local changemakers as catalysts for change.