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Comoros is a lower-middle-income island state characterized by a tropical climate prone to intense cyclones and a history of political instability. Its economy relies heavily on subsistence farming, fishing, and EU budgetary support, while its development is hindered by frequent coups and the compounding effects of natural disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic.

The document argues that the EPA's 2026 proposed rule to weaken the Risk Management Program (RMP) is unlawful, arbitrary, and contrary to the Clean Air Act's mandate to prevent accidental chemical releases. The commenters contend that the proposal prioritizes industry cost savings and deregulatory executive orders over public health and safety, specifically threatening vulnerable populations and children. They call for the full implementation of the 2024 SCCAP Rule, the restoration of the RMP Public Data Tool, and the retention of critical safety requirements including safer technology analyses, third-party audits, and natural hazard planning.

The report examines the growing instability of France's 'Cat-Nat' insurance regime, where the public reinsurer (CCR) is seeing its reserves deplete while private insurers maintain record profitability. It highlights an emerging insurability crisis for local authorities, particularly in overseas territories and northern France, and argues that the financial burden of climate change is unfairly shifted toward the public sector and policyholders. Reclaim Finance calls for a revision of the financial effort sharing to ensure that major listed insurers contribute more to prevention and repair.

The report examines how climate change and socio-economic factors drive labour migration and affect children in Southeast Asia, specifically in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Viet Nam. Based on 92 personal stories and expert interviews, it aims to inform policies and interventions by World Vision and other partners to ensure safe and dignified migration that protects the rights and well-being of vulnerable young people in a region highly exposed to natural hazards.

The report analyzes Mozambique's development prospects through 2043 using the International Futures (IFs) modeling platform. It finds that under the current trajectory, Mozambique is unlikely to meet most of its national development goals due to governance failures, infrastructure gaps, and low agricultural productivity. While liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects are expected to boost GDP, they are not projected to significantly reduce extreme poverty without broader structural reforms. The report evaluates eight sectoral scenarios, concluding that infrastructure investment has the highest impact on GDP growth, while a combined approach across all sectors—including agriculture, governance, and trade—offers the most substantial improvements in poverty reduction and per capita income.

The document examines how climate change and sea level rise threaten coastal communities and military infrastructure, potentially leading to social instability and reduced military readiness. It advocates for the use of nature-based solutions—such as mangroves, coral reefs, and salt marshes—as cost-effective alternatives or supplements to artificial infrastructure to dissipate wave energy and reduce flooding. The author highlights specific military applications, including US Department of Defense projects in Florida and UK efforts in overseas territories, and suggests that supporting these ecological defenses in partner nations can bolster strategic alliances and global security.

The document outlines a systematic map designed to identify research themes regarding the impact of climate risks on real estate valuation. It distinguishes between physical risks, such as the increasing frequency and magnitude of natural disasters affecting buildings and infrastructure, and transitional risks, which include policy initiatives, technological disruptions, market pressures, and reputational issues arising from the shift toward a greener economy.

The document criticizes the current practices of major European reinsurers during the Rendez-Vous de Septembre in Monte-Carlo, noting that while natural disasters cost nearly US $50 billion in early 2023, reinsurance treaties—which comprise over 70% of turnover—remain largely exempt from fossil fuel exclusion policies. It argues that increasing treaty rates is an unsustainable response to climate risk and calls for the exclusion of new coal, oil, and gas projects to prevent global warming exceeding 1.5°C.

The document discusses the role of reinsurance treaties during the 'Rendez-Vous de Septembre' in Monte-Carlo, highlighting how these treaties currently allow the continued coverage of fossil fuel expansion despite the increasing costs of natural disasters. Reclaim Finance contends that simply raising premiums is an unsustainable solution and calls for the exclusion of new fossil fuel projects from these treaties.

The community biocultural protocol of Sahandrazana establishes a framework for the management of genetic resources and traditional knowledge in the Vatovavy region of Madagascar. It outlines the community's governance structure, the role of traditional leaders (Rois), and the specific steps external researchers or entrepreneurs must follow to obtain consent. The document emphasizes the integration of customary laws with national legislation, such as the Nagoya Protocol and Decree 2017-066, to ensure equitable benefit-sharing and the protection of biodiversity and cultural heritage.

The author contends that Nigeria's security crises are fundamentally linked to its economic situation, where systemic poverty—exacerbated by political mismanagement and state failure—drives citizens toward crime. The paper details regional security threats, from jihadist violence in the North-East to oil theft in the South-South, and identifies specific failures such as the ineffective fuel subsidy regime, lack of infrastructure investment, and high youth unemployment. It concludes that without a shift toward selfless leadership and growth-oriented policies, the 2023 elections are unlikely to break this cycle of instability.

The statement highlights the financial impact of climate-driven natural disasters on European reinsurers and urges SCOR and Munich Re to align with Swiss Re and Hannover Re by ending reinsurance for new oil and gas production projects.

The document analyzes how climate change interacts with socio-political fragility in Papua New Guinea, highlighting risks such as food insecurity, illegal logging, and escalating tribal violence. It argues that these stressors, combined with geopolitical competition from China, threaten regional security. The author recommends that the U.S. provide technical assistance for renewable energy, establish a climate data platform, and support local NGOs and military disaster response capacity to mitigate these risks.

The report argues that forests are vital to human health through three primary functions: provisioning (food, water, medicinal plants), prevention (reducing zoonotic spillover and buffering natural hazards), and healing (reducing risks of noncommunicable diseases). It highlights how deforestation and degradation trigger negative health cascades, such as increased disease spillover and higher exposure to pollution and extreme heat. The document advocates for a systems approach to forest conservation, integrating public health and environmental sectors to protect intact forests, improve working land management, diversify restoration, and create urban forests.

The analysis reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic has widened the climate finance gap in developing countries, leading to domestic budget reallocations away from climate projects toward health and economic recovery. International climate finance has also decreased, with a higher reliance on loans that increase national debt burdens. The report highlights that climate-finance needs, estimated at $4.6 trillion based on a sample of NDCs, far exceed current flows, and that pandemic-related restrictions have delayed the approval and execution of critical climate projects.

The report examines the governance trajectories of Kenya, Mozambique, and Uganda, the only three African countries to have completed the APRM review process twice. It finds that while all three made legislative and constitutional strides in democracy and political governance, they remain vulnerable to ethnic conflict and struggle with persistent issues of corruption, poverty, and gender inequality.

The document analyzes how socio-economic vulnerabilities—including gender, age, disability, and minority status—increase the risk and impact of climate-related hazards in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It highlights that disadvantaged groups are more likely to live in hazard-prone areas and lack the resources to adapt. The brief argues for inclusive policymaking and warns that both adaptation and mitigation strategies can lead to 'maladaptation' or detrimental socio-economic effects if not carefully designed to protect the most vulnerable populations.

The report analyzes how multidimensional inequality and poverty in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) intersect with environmental risks and policy. It finds that marginalized groups—including Roma communities, women, the elderly, and persons with disabilities—face disproportionate exposure to pollution and hazards, while social norms limit their access to natural resources. The document argues that environmental policies can either exacerbate these inequalities (e.g., through energy taxes) or mitigate them (e.g., through energy efficiency in social housing). It recommends collecting disaggregated data, increasing the representation of disadvantaged groups in decision-making, and implementing gender-responsive budgeting to ensure a more inclusive and effective environmental strategy.

The document identifies a critical gap in U.S. federal regulations regarding 'natech' (natural hazard-induced technological) disasters, where climate-driven events like floods and wildfires trigger catastrophic chemical releases. Analysis shows that approximately one-third of the 12,331 RMP-regulated facilities in the U.S. face increasing risks from climate change. The authors highlight severe environmental justice disparities, noting that people of color are disproportionately located near these facilities and that facilities in communities of color are nearly twice as likely to experience disasters. The brief proposes seven key reforms for the EPA, including mandatory natech risk assessments, real-time fenceline monitoring, expanded RMP coverage, and enhanced community emergency response planning.

The World Climate and Security Report 2021 assesses how climate change acts as a threat multiplier for global security, emphasizing the urgent need to move from strategic planning to concrete implementation. It introduces a new Climate Security Risk Matrix to evaluate comparative risks among countries and presents a risk perception survey where experts predict severe-to-catastrophic risks by 2031. The report details regional vulnerabilities, specifically in sub-Saharan Africa and the European Union, and analyzes the role of militaries as first responders and contributors to emissions. It concludes with recommendations for updating international law regarding the law of the sea and geoengineering governance, and calls for deeper integration of climate security into UN and EU institutional frameworks.