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The document examines the intersection of climate change, security, and adaptation, arguing that climate impacts act as 'threat multipliers' that can destabilize states and international relations. It highlights risks such as transboundary water conflicts, food insecurity, Arctic geopolitical shifts, and mass migration. The authors warn against 'maladaptation'—adaptation efforts that inadvertently increase inequality or tension—and advocate for a 'preventive' approach. Key recommendations include creating multidimensional early warning systems, implementing risk-tolerant and 'nexus' financing for insecure regions, and ensuring adaptation strategies are timely, strategically targeted, and informed by political economy analysis to avoid exacerbating existing social and political frictions.

The IISD argues that Canada's current draft framework for assessing non-tax fossil fuel subsidies is too restrictive and lacks transparency. It recommends adopting the World Trade Organization (WTO) definition of subsidies, removing qualifiers like 'specificity' and 'normality', and aligning the 'inefficiency' criteria with Canada's Paris Agreement commitments. The document emphasizes the need for full public disclosure of subsidy data, coordination with Finance Canada on tax-related measures, and the inclusion of provincial and territorial jurisdictions to meet the G7's 2025 phase-out deadline.

Ontario provides nearly CAD 700 million annually in public subsidies for fossil fuel consumption, with the largest portions consisting of tax exemptions for aviation, rail, and agricultural fuels, as well as direct spending on natural gas expansion. The report argues these subsidies represent foregone revenue and encourage pollution, recommending a transparent self-review, a phase-out action plan, and strict guidelines for any new subsidies to facilitate a transition to a clean economy.

Thirty-three organizations support the Climate Risk Disclosure Act of 2019, arguing that standardized climate risk reporting by the Securities and Exchange Commission is essential for investor protection, financial stability, and the transition to a low-carbon economy.

In 2018/19, Ontario provided nearly CAD 700 million in public subsidies for fossil fuel consumption, primarily through tax exemptions for aviation, rail, and agriculture, and spending on natural gas expansion. The report argues that these subsidies represent foregone revenue that could be redirected toward education, healthcare, and job training, while hindering the transition to a clean economy. It recommends that Ontario undertake a transparent self-review of all fossil fuel subsidies, develop a phase-out action plan, and establish guidelines to prevent new subsidies that are inconsistent with a low-carbon economy.

The document provides a framework for the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (CalPERS) and the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (CalSTRS) to report on climate-related financial risks as required by SB 964. The authors argue that reports should include specific holdings by name and align with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations. They propose a detailed reporting approach across several sectors, including energy, transportation, materials, agriculture, and financial services, emphasizing the need to disclose emissions (including Scope 3), shareholder engagement activities, and exposure to transition and physical risks.

The document examines corporate reporting on climate-related financial risks and opportunities based on 2018 CDP questionnaire data, noting increased scrutiny from investors and regulators following extreme weather losses and technological shifts.

The report finds that Brazil can significantly increase agricultural and livestock production without further deforestation by eliminating productivity inefficiencies. Achieving these gains would require substantial increases in operational costs and capital investment in equipment. The analysis suggests that converting low-productivity pasture to high-productivity cropland could further boost agricultural output by 26 percentage points.

Sustainalytics concludes that the Assicurazioni Generali Green Bond Framework is credible, impactful, and aligns with the Green Bond Principles 2018. The framework targets six eligible categories: green buildings, renewable energy, energy efficiency, clean transportation, sustainable water management, and recycling, re-use & waste management. Generali has established a Green Bond Committee to oversee asset selection and commits to annual reporting on both allocation and impact. The report also notes Generali's broader sustainability targets, including increasing green sector investments by EUR 3.5 billion by 2020 and reducing internal GHG emissions by 20% by 2020.

The We Mean Business Coalition urges companies and policymakers to transition to zero-carbon economies, highlighting the economic opportunities of a low-carbon shift and the necessity of science-based targets. It calls for businesses to commit to net-zero emissions by 2050, join initiatives like RE100, EV100, and EP100, and advocate for ambitious government policies to create 'ambition loops' for climate action.

The MyHIJAU Mark is Malaysia's official green label for products and services that meet local and international environmental standards, designed to promote a resource-efficient and low-carbon economy. Managed by GreenTech Malaysia under the Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment & Climate Change, the system integrates health, environmental sustainability, and economic feasibility. The Malaysian government acts as the primary driver of the label through a Government Green Procurement (GGP) programme initiated in 2013, aiming to influence the private sector by example. As of the reporting date, over 4,214 items are registered under the label, and all 25 Federal Government Ministries have implemented GGP since 2017, with a target of 20% GGP by 2020.

The Draft National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF) 2019 is a long-term strategic planning instrument for South Africa, mandated by the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA) and aligned with the National Development Plan (NDP). It aims to dismantle the spatial legacies of colonialism and apartheid by transitioning the country toward an integrated, inclusive, and sustainable national space economy by 2050.

The document presents findings from the INPUT project by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), demonstrating that rural credit in Brazil significantly boosts agricultural productivity and municipal GDP while promoting a shift from pasture to crop land, which correlates with an increase in forested areas. It argues that rural credit can be a tool to balance economic growth with environmental protection, though it notes that the current distribution system is complex and fragmented.

The Mpumalanga Provincial Spatial Development Framework proposes a polycentric growth management model to address apartheid-era spatial imbalances and promote sustainable economic diversification. It identifies five key economic growth and innovation centres—Mbombela, Emalahleni, Middleburg, Secunda, and Ermelo—and a network of alternative growth centres to decentralise economic activity. The framework emphasises enhancing connectivity via the N4 Maputo Corridor and other strategic routes, protecting high-potential agricultural land and biodiversity, and transitioning the province's coal-dependent economy toward low-carbon and climate-resilient alternatives. It also outlines strategies for urban densification, the development of sustainable human settlements, and the creation of Rural Economic Zones (REZ) to transform rural livelihoods.

The report argues that Brazil can align economic growth with its Paris Agreement commitments by investing in more productive land use, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and improved transportation logistics. It concludes that the returns from climate-friendly investments will outweigh the costs of inaction.

Lenovo has implemented a comprehensive climate strategy focusing on energy efficiency and renewable energy to reduce its global Scope 1 and 2 emissions. Since 2009/10, the company has achieved a 32 percent reduction in these emissions, tracking toward a 40 percent target for 2020. Key initiatives include a low-temperature solder manufacturing process that cuts carbon emissions by 35 percent and the implementation of over 150 energy efficiency and renewable energy projects worldwide. Lenovo also manages supply chain impacts by requiring at least 75 percent of direct suppliers by spend to have climate change reduction targets and collaborating with Green Freight Asia to improve fuel efficiency in transport.

The document argues that while the technology to limit global warming to 1.5°C exists, deployment is hindered by nationalist politics, private sector competitiveness concerns, and capacity constraints in developing nations. It emphasizes that rapid decarbonisation must be balanced with social and economic development to avoid exacerbating inequities and undermining public support.

The report provides a scoring framework and detailed evaluations for eight fossil fuel companies—Arch Coal, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, CONSOL Energy, ExxonMobil, Peabody Energy, and Royal Dutch Shell—regarding their public statements on climate science, trade association affiliations, governance policies, and responses to shareholder resolutions. It identifies a systemic failure among these companies to implement policies preventing the spread of climate disinformation, with most receiving 'Poor' or 'Egregious' scores. The document also catalogues historical and recent disinformation activities by trade associations such as the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).

The policy brief asserts that climate change threatens current and future developmental gains, necessitating that all economic endeavors and job creation initiatives be designed to be low-carbon and climate-resilient to avoid increasing the vulnerability of the poor and locking the economy into a perverse pathway.

ClientEarth warns the Aviva Staff Pension Scheme trustees that treating climate change as a general ESG issue rather than a specific material financial risk may expose them to legal challenges for breach of fiduciary duty. The letter outlines the financial risks of high-carbon assets, the opportunities in the low-carbon transition, and emerging market standards among OECD asset owners. It provides a detailed set of recommended actions, including reallocating capital away from coal and risky fossil fuels, adopting TCFD-aligned reporting, and implementing active stewardship policies to ensure the long-term security of members' retirement outcomes.